Formal modeling of operational flexibility in multi-scale multi-modal energy systems

为了稳定和安全运行，电力系统需要运行灵活性，即根据负荷和发电量的波动可靠地适应电力注入或消耗的能力。在不同的系统服务环境中需要灵活性，例如频率和电压控制、拥塞管理或能源资源的经济调度。同样，市场参与者可以将现有的灵活性用于不同的目的，例如优化他们的能源采购或自己的消费，避免不平衡，或在灵活性服务市场上赚取收入。一方面是系统的灵活性要求，另一方面是通过不同的资源提供这种灵活性的能力，通常是分开处理的。灵活性需求和交付灵活性的潜力的量化通常是特定于上下文的。然而，为了在时间和空间尺度上优化跨灵活性类型和跨系统级别的灵活性部署，应该以尽可能通用的方式对操作灵活性的特征及其需求和供应情况进行建模。考虑到不同系统级别的灵活性需求，这有助于找到最有效的灵活性资源分配。该项目旨在开发这样一种正式的描述，使不同灵活性选项的特征能够被优化工具访问，从而协调其部署。待开发的形式化描述应有助于数学运算，有助于分析在所有时间和空间尺度上所需的和可用的灵活性。它还应促进区域集中和区分必须提供不同系统服务的时间尺度。它的目标是从计算机网络计算方法（如网络微积分方法及其最小加代数）中获得灵感的“灵活代数”。

For its stable and safe operation, the electricity system requires operational flexibility, i. e. the ability to reliably adapt power injections or consumption in reaction to fluctuations in load and generation. Flexibility is required in the context of different system services, e. g. for frequency and voltage control, for congestion management, or for the economic dispatch of energy resources. In the same way, market players can use existing flexibility for different purposes, such as optimizing their energy procurement or own consumption, avoiding imbalances, or earning revenues on markets for flexibility services. The system's flexibility requirements on the one hand, and the ability to provide such flexibility by different resources on the other hand, are usually addressed separately. The quantification of both the flexibility requirements and the potential to deliver flexibility is very often context-specific. However, in order to optimize flexibility deployment across flexibility types and across system levels – both in terms of temporal and spatial scales – the character of operational flexibility, along with its demand and supply situation should be modeled in an as generic way as possible. This facilitates finding the most efficient allocation of flexibility resources, given the flexibility requirements at the different system levels. This project sets out to develop such a formal description, making the characteristics of different flexibility options accessible to optimization tools that can coordinate its deployment. The formalized description to be developed should facilitate mathematical operations that help analyzing required and available flexibility at all temporal and spatial scales. It should also facilitate regional aggregation, and the differentiation of the time scales at which different system services must be available. It is the goal to derive a “flexibility algebra” that is inspired from computer network calculation methods, such as the Network Calculus method and its min-plus algebra.