The Organic View of the Society and Designing of Economic Governance:comparative research of the economic thought from the fin-de-siecle to the inter-war period

19-20世纪之交，社会有机观与进化观相互影响，对社会形象和社会风貌的变革起到了重要作用。在经济治理领域，出现了两种引人注目的类型：一种是基本上依赖于制度、组织和习俗或生活方式的自发形成的“软”版本，另一种是在统一导向下提供指导的“硬”版本。这项研究计画了“福利”和“幸福”一词的意义在那个时代的根本转变，并考察了直到两次世界大战之间的有机观念的内涵。

On the turn of the centuries from nineteenth to twentieth, the organic view of the society and the evolutionary view had mutually affected, and took the important role for the reformation of the image and style of the society. On the sphere of the economic governance, there appeared two striking types:the 'soft' version which basically relied upon the spontaneous formation of the institution, organization and custom or the way of life, and the 'hard' one which provided the guidelines under the uniform orientation. In accounting the radical transit of the meaning of those words of 'welfare' and 'well-being' on that era, this research project examined the connotation of the organic view until the inter-war period