A Study of the Sectarian Buddhist Texts by Comparative Analysis of Pali Commentaries and Sanskrit, Chinese, and Tibetan Materials

这项研究阐明了获得罗汉/成佛的说法是如何从早期佛教发展到尼卡耶佛教的，以及这种转变如何影响大乘佛教，在佛教流派或教派(涅伽耶)、算命学著作(桑陀罗南达、毗穆蒂马加等)中表明，修行者在获得罗汉之前就觉醒到四个崇高的真理，而佛陀的传记(佛陀伽利塔、迪帕瓦)。解释说菩萨在他成佛之前就获得了依赖起源的知识。这种趋势早在公元2世纪就存在于北印度，早在5世纪初就传到了斯里兰卡。它遍布南亚的许多地区，并至少持续存在到7世纪。大约三个雅纳，大乘经典，如萨达哈蒙德·阿里卡，将对四圣真理的理解定义为适用于释迦牟尼的知识，而依附的起源定义为适用于普拉提卡(或帕卡亚)佛陀的知识。由于这种新的论述开始于公元3世纪，很可能是大乘经典意在批评文学作品和佛陀传记的倾向。

This study elucidated how accounts of attaining Arhatship/Buddhahood developed from Early Buddhism to Nikaya Buddhism and how this shift influenced Mahayana BuddhismIn Buddhist schools or sects(nikaya), soteriological works(Saundarananda, Vimuttimagga and so on) suggest that practitioners awaken to the Four noble truths just before they attain the Arhatship while the Buddha's biographies(Buddhacarita, Dipava. sa, and so on) explain that the Bodhisattva gains the knowledge of the Dependent origination just before he attains Buddhahood. This tendency existed in North India as early as the second century, and reached Sri Lanka as early as the beginning of the fifth century. It spread over many parts of the South Asia, and continued to exist at least until the seventh century.About three yanas, Mahayana scriptures like the Saddharmapund arika defined the understanding of the Four noble truths as the knowledge appropriate to a Sravaka, and the Dependent origination as the knowledge appropriate to a Pratyeka-(or, Paccaya-) buddha. Since this new discourse started about the third century, probably Mahayana scriptures intended to criticize the tendency of soteriological works and the Buddha's biographies.