Recasting the role of citizens in foreign and security policy? Democratic innovations and changing patterns of interaction between European executives and citizens

外交和安全政策问题日益影响欧洲各国的国内政治和公民的日常生活。公民越来越多地参与具有全球性的政治问题。最明显的现象是与全球化影响有关的抗议活动。然而，欧洲的政治家和国家行政人员也开始积极让公民参与外交和安全政策领域的政策制定和决策过程。在过去的几年里，一些欧洲国家的政府，以及欧盟和联合国等国际组织，一直在发起对话和参与进程，旨在更大程度地将民间组织，科学专家和普通公民纳入FSP。拟议的项目旨在调查公民在FSP领域的角色变化，更具体地说，国家政府如何以及为什么在这一政策领域引入所谓的“民主创新”，通常被认为是由行政部门主导的。该项目假设，行政和公民之间的关系应该如何组织的理解，由部长级精英在FSP举行，在过去十年中，在一些国家发生了变化。它们因国家背景而异，并塑造了精英如何组织并可能重塑与FSP公民的实际互动。公民角色的这些变化也对联邦社会政策产生了影响，特别是在政策制定和决策的部内和部间进程以及欧洲在这一政策领域的行政和立法之间的关系。该项目旨在通过比较法国，德国，波兰和英国的情况下，经验地图和理论概念化的民主创新FSP。这四个国家都是欧洲外交和安全政治的主导力量，因此对于如何在FSP领域组织行政-公民关系特别重要。与此同时，它们在如何以各种DI的形式组织行政-公民互动方面存在显着差异。DI的分析涵盖了2010-2023年的时间跨度，并将采用参与者观察，专家访谈，文件分析和数字参与形式分析的方法。

Foreign and security policy issues have increasingly been influencing domestic politics and the daily life of citizens in European countries. Citizens have become more engaged in political issues with a global dimension. The most obvious phenomenon are protests related to repercussions of globalisation. However, politicians and members of national executives in Europe have also started to actively involve citizens in policy- and decision-making processes in the field of foreign and security policy (FSP). For the last couple of years, some governments in European countries, as well as international organisations such as the European Union and the United Nations, have been initiating dialogue and participation processes, aiming at a larger inclusion of civic organisations, scientific experts and, remarkably, ordinary citizens in FSP.The proposed project seeks to investigate this change of the role citizens have in the field of FSP and, more specifically, how and why national governments introduce so-called “democratic innovations” (DIs) to this policy field, usually considered as being dominated by the executive. The project assumes that understandings of how relations between the executive and citizens should be organised, as held by ministerial elites in FSP, have changed in some countries during the last decade. They vary depending on national context and shape how elites organise and potentially reshape actual interactions with citizens in FSP. These changes of the citizens’ role also have ramifications for the politics in FSP, notably the intra- and inter-ministerial processes of policy- and decision-making as well as relations between the executive and legislative in this policy field in Europe. The project seeks to empirically map and theoretically conceptualise democratic innovations in FSP by comparing the cases of France, Germany, Poland, and the UK. All four countries are leading powers in European foreign and security politics, and thus particularly relevant for how executive-citizens relations are organised in the field of FSP. At the same time, they differ significantly in how they organise executive-citizens interactions in the form of various DIs. The analysis of DIs covers the time span of 2010-2023 and will employ methods of participant observation, expert interviews, document analysis, and analysis of digital participation formats.