Prince - University - Money. A comparative study of the finances of the universities of Heidelberg and Freiburg until the outbreak of the Thirty Years' War.

本项目以历时和比较的方式分析了海德堡大学和弗莱堡大学的财务状况。因此，它的目的是有助于更好地理解王子、公国和大学之间的关系是如何从中世纪晚期发展到三十年战争爆发的。这不仅有助于促进系统的大学财务比较历史，而且有助于克服中世纪和近代早期之间的传统界限。在这种情况下，“财政”一词是指大学的捐赠，以及它每年从租金和学费中获得的收入。特别关注的是大学在教授招聘和学生奖学金方面的投资。到目前为止，还没有对这两个方面进行系统的比较研究。通过财政的方法，可以对大学对王子及其统治的意义进行差异化分析。王子是如何影响这所大学的？这又如何影响了它的发展？从中世纪晚期到三十年战争爆发，王子的影响质量发生了怎样的变化？从王子的角度来看，大学的价值是什么，它的价值是什么，为什么？教授的招聘和学生的财政支持在多大程度上服务于公国的发展？回答这些问题有助于对前现代的术语和性质进行细致入微的辩论Landesuniversität，它对统治者的意义，以及中世纪晚期和现代早期之间是否存在显著差异？这反过来又为正在进行的从中世纪晚期公国向早期现代领土国家过渡的辩论提供了进一步的方面。最后，海德堡-弗莱堡的比较使我们能够分析他们各自公国的不同忏悔取向在多大程度上影响了两所大学的财政和作用。它是削弱还是加强了亲王、大学和公国之间的关系？是否有可能以一般的方式回答这个问题，或者其他因素是否在决定这种关系方面发挥了更重要的作用？要回答这些问题，也就意味着要从广度和深度上探讨忏悔政治的影响。

This project analyses the finances of the universities of Heidelberg and Freiburg in a diachronic and comparative way. It thus aims to contribute to a better understanding of how the relationship between prince, principality and university developed from the late Middle Ages to the outbreak of the Thirty Years’ War. This serves not only to promote a systematic comparative history of university finances, but also to overcome the traditional demarcation between the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Times. The term finances means in this context the endowment of the university as well as its annual income from rents and student fees. Particular attention is paid to the universities’ investments in professorial recruitment and student bursaries. Both aspects have so far not been studies in a systematic and comparative way.The approach via the finances allows for a differentiated analysis of the university’s significance for the prince and his rule. How did the prince influence the university and how did this affect its development? How did the quality of the prince’s influence change from the late Middle Ages to the outbreak of the Thirty Years’ War? What was, from the prince’s point of view, the value of the university, what was it worth and why? To what extent served the recruitment of professors and the financial support of students the development of the principality? To answer these questions contributes to a nuanced debate on the term and the nature of the premodern Landesuniversität, its significance for the ruler and whether there existed prominent differences between the late Middle Ages and the early Modern Times? This in turn offers further aspects to the ongoing debate on the transition from the late medieval principality to the early modern territorial state. Finally, the comparison Heidelberg-Freiburg enables us to analyse to what extent the different confessional orientation of their respective principalities influenced the finances and the role of both universities. Did it weaken or strengthen the relationship between prince, university and principality? Is it at all possible to answer that question in a general way or did other factors play a much more important role in determining that relation? To answer these questions means also to address the effects of confessional politics in terms of their range and depth.