Constructing Formula of Nonequilibrium Physics by using Quantum Continuous Measurement and Quantum Field Theory

我们为反馈控制系统和记录测量结果的存储器导出了积分量子涨落定理和量子Jarzynski等式。在测量和反馈控制下的热力学第二定律是由这些等式再现的。我们还表明，纠缠可以通过反馈控制来提取经典相关之外的热力学功。我们提出了孤立量子系统热化的新假设，并证明该假设对孤立量子系统热化的贡献大于已知的假设。我们还证明了即使系统是可积的，系统也会发热。我们分析了同时连续测量光子计数和纯差检测。导出了以光子计数事件为条件的同差记录期望值公式，定量地描述了光子计数对同差输出的测量反作用。

We derive integral quantum fluctuation theorems and quantum Jarzynski equalities for a feedback-controlled system and a memory which registers outcomes of the measurement. The generalized second law of thermodynamics under measurement and feedback control is reproduced from these equalities. We also show that entanglement can be utilized to extract the thermodynamic work beyond classical correlation via feedback control. We propose new hypothesis for thermalization of isolated quantum systems, and show the hypothesis gives larger contribution than well known hypothesis to the thermalization. We also show that the system thermalize even if it is integrable.We analyze a simultaneous continuous measurement of photon-counting and homodyne detection. A formula for the expectation values of the homodyne records conditioned on a photon-counting event is also derived, which quantitatively describes the measurement backaction of photon-counting on the homodyne output.