Between Region and Rome. The Foundation of Universities in the 1470s in comparative perspective

该项目旨在比较1470年代的大学基金会，其主要目标是更好地理解中世纪晚期大学建立的潜在动机和过程。该项目的起点将是<s:1>宾根大学（1477年），它将与1470年代建立的其他大学进行比较，包括英戈尔施塔特（1472年），美因茨（1477年），乌普萨拉（1477年）和哥本哈根（1479年）。这项研究将主要集中在Landesuniversitäten这些基础上，从而集中在与区域政治的许多相互依存关系上，例如在教会改革、政治地位和等级地位或领土政治发展的背景下。尽管存在差异，但大学基金会面临着类似的问题，这既建议也促进了比较方法。大学基金会必须被理解为一个没有明确起点或终点的过程。虽然本项目力求全面考虑这些进程，但有些方面将受到特别注意。一个关键的例子是罗马教廷的作用。虽然1470年代所有的大学都是由教皇特权创建的，但对于大学创始人来说，罗马教廷是一个反复出现的起点，远远超出了创始公牛。此外，参与基金会的各种个人的作用需要进一步的学术关注。这不仅适用于大学创始人及其亲密顾问，也适用于其他可能的第二层参与者，包括财政或政治赞助者、受欢迎的教学人员或在教廷担任检察官的个人。在这里，网络研究和Handlungswissen的概念将是特别有用的分析工具。对大致当代大学基金会进行比较，一方面是为了揭示其成立过程之间可能存在的相互依赖性，找出典型的、规律的过程和背景，另一方面是为了找出每个基金会的鲜明特征及其地域历史背景。

The proposed project seeks to compare university foundations in the 1470s with the key goal of contributing to a better understanding of the underlying motivations and processes at work in the founding of late medieval universities. The starting point of the project will be the University of Tübingen (1477), which will be compared to other universities founded in the 1470s, including those in Ingolstadt (1472), Mainz (1477), Uppsala (1477), and Copenhagen (1479). The study will focus on these foundations primarily as Landesuniversitäten and thus on the many interdependencies with regional politics, for example within the context of church reform, political position and position of rank, or territorial-political developments. Despite their differences, university foundations confronted similar problems, which both suggests and facilitates a comparative approach.University foundations must be understood as processes for which no clear starting or ending point can be specified. Although the project seeks to consider these processes in their entirety, some aspects will receive particular attention. One key example is the role of the Roman Curia. While all of the universities of the 1470s were created by papal privilege, the Curia was a recurring starting point for university founders well beyond the founding bull. Further, the role of various individuals involved in foundations requires further scholarly attention. This applies not only to the university founder and his close advisors, but also to other possible participants in the second tier, including financial or political sponsors, sought-after teaching staff, or individuals acting as procurators at the Curia. Here, network studies and the concept of Handlungswissen will be particularly useful analytical tools.The comparison of roughly contemporary university foundations is intended, on the one hand, to reveal possible interdependencies among the founding processes and identify typical and regular processes and backgrounds, and on the other hand to work out the distinguishing characteristics of each individual foundation and its regional-historical context.