Life Skills of the Elderly and SuossfulAging

“成功老龄化”一直是许多社会老年学和老龄化研究人员感兴趣的研究主题。然而，很少有研究者试图从老年人的生活技能的角度来研究成功老龄化，在本研究项目中，我们在广泛的邮件调查的基础上，开发了衡量老年人成功老龄化和生活技能的量表。调查对象是神户市随机抽取的5000人中的2732人，其中有23.7万名65岁及以上的老年人。问卷约有700个问题。采用因子分析和结构方程模型编制e量表。衡量成功老龄化的量表有“积极老年人生观”和“消极老年人生观”、“积极情感”和“消极情感”、“日常活动中的主观老龄化”和“主观心理-社会老龄化”。从结构稳定性和量表信度的角度，编制了55个衡量生活技能的单维量表，其中从结构稳定性和量表信度的角度提出了29个单维量表。然后，分析了生活技能对成功老龄化的影响。结果得出以下结论：“关心自己”、“设定目标”、“应对压力”、“开朗开朗”等生活技能比年龄和生活水平等社会人口统计学属性更能促进老年人的积极人生观。“对自己忠诚”、“控制愤怒和冲突”、“冷漠”、“主动亲密”促进“老年消极人生观”。“渴望”，“用手的技巧”，“展示个性”，促进积极的影响。“打扮”、“自恋”、“亲近会促进负面影响”。“孤立”、“彰显个性”、“超然”、“依赖”、“自恋”、“亲近”、“顽皮”促进了“主观衰老”。上述发现似乎是新的信息，要求重新考虑现有的对成功老龄化和各种老年人计划的理解。小田。日本老年人作为第二多数群体的社会观，人文科学研究，2001,9-1,1-31。小田，日本老年人电视观看行为与节目偏好，神户大学学报，2001,8-2,255-269T。小田，城市老年人的生活行为，神户，人文科学研究，2000,8,1-28页。小田，老年独立生活与日常能力，神户大学人类发展学院学报，1999,7 - 1,201-222

Successful Aging' has been the most interesting research theme for many researchers in social gerontology and aging studies. However, very few, researchers have tried to investigate successful aging from the view point of life Skills' of the elderly, hi this research project, we developed scales to measure successful aging and Life Skills of the elderly based on extensive mail survey. The number of respondents is 2,732 from 5,000 randomly sampled in Kobe with 237,000 senior citizens aged 65 and over. Questionnaire contained about 700 questions. Factor analysis and structural equation modeling were applied to develop e scales. Scales for measuring successful aging are Positive Life 'View in Old Age' and "Negative Life View in Old Age", Positive Affect" and "Negative Affect', 'Subjective Aging in Daily Activities' and 'Subjective Psyco-Socdlal Aging'.Fifty five uni-dimensional scales for measuring Life Skills are developed, among which twenty nine uni-dimensional scales were proposed fro … More m the view point of structural stability and scale reliability. Then, the effects of Life Skills on successful aging were analyzed. As a result, the following findings were gotten. Life Skills such as 'Caring oneself', 'Goal Setting', 'Stress Coping", Bright and Cheerful" promote Positive Life View in Old Age" more strongly than socio-demographic attributes such as age and living standard. 'Faithful to oneself', Mnaging Anger and Conflict', 'Aloofness', 'Active Intimacy' promote "Negative Life View in Old Age'. 'Aspiration', 'Skill with the hand', 'Show one's Individuality', promote Positive Affect'. Dressing up', 'Narcissism', 'Affinitypromote Negative Affect". 'Subjective Aging" is promoted by Isolation", 'Show one's Individuality, Aloofness", Dependency", 'Narcissism', 'Affinity, "Naughty". The abpve mentioned findings seem to be newly information requesting reconsideration existing understandings on successful aging and various programs for the elderly.T. Oda, Social View of Elderly Japanese as a Second Majority Group, Human sciences Research, 9-1, 2001, 1-31T. Oda, TV Watching Behavior and Program Preference of Elderly Japanese, Bulletin of the Faculty of Human Development, Kobe University, 8-2, 2001, 255-269T. Oda, Living Bahavior of Elderly Japanese in Urban Area, Kobe, Human Sciences Research, 8, 2000, 1-28T. Oda, Independent living in Old Age and Everyday Competence, Bulletin of the Faculty of Human Development, Kobe University, 7- 1, 1999, 201-222 Less