Forming the modern political economy regime 1955-65 : roles of political party in Europe and Japan

我们试图说明1955 - 1965年欧洲和日本的政党在形成现代政治经济体制中发挥了哪些不同的作用。特别是在这一过程中，我们考察了政党与国家或利益集团之间的关系。本课题以1950 - 1960年代的日本、法兰西第五共和国和西德德国为研究对象，通过中北田的报告，揭示了日本1955 - 1960年政权作为现代政治经济体制的形成过程。他认为1955年政权建设的政治目的是为了建立一个强大的政治大国，以实现非军事化和从美国独立出来;经济目的是为了建立一个经济大国，以适应美国倡导的开放的国际经济体系。"60年代变动"被认为是战后日本最重要的政治事件，也是1955年政权的形成。1960年，执政的自民党改变了执政方式。同年，在野的日本社会党也改变了执政策略。这双重变化强烈地决定了1960年以后的日本政治，中山的主题是法兰西第五共和国形成时期的政治经济体制。他阐明了第四共和国时期政党政府主导的温和现代化政策在强势总统的倡导下为何被放弃，以及如何被激进现代化政策所取代，并说明了1955 - 65年德国如何解决"集团利益整合"问题。在这一任期内，整合利益集团的老式想法（=联邦经济理事会的计划或埃哈德的"组织"概念）正在消失。在传统观念中，国家机构是主要行为者，而政党则开始在整合群体利益方面发挥重要作用。

We have tried to show which different roles political parties in Europe and Japan played in forming the modern political economy regime in 1955-65. Especially we examined the relationship between political parties and states or interest groups in that forming process. Case studies adopted in our project are Japan in 1950's and 1960's, French Fifth Republic and West Germany.Nakakita's report shows how the Japanese 1955-regime as modern political economy regime was formed. He poses an interpretation that the political intention of 1955-regime building was to make a strong political power to carry out the demilitarization and the independence from USA.The economic one, according to his interpretation, was to get an economic power needed to adapt to the open international economic system under the USA initiative.In Sorai's report, "changes in 1960" is regarded as the most important political event in postwar Japan as well as the formation of 1955-regime. In 1960, the governing LDP changed the style of governance. In the same year, Socialist Party of Japan in opposition also changed her strategy to come to power. Japanese politics after 1960 was strongly determined by these double changes.Nakayama's theme is French political economy regime in the forming period of Fifth Republic. He makes it clear why and how moderate modernization policy, which party governments in Fourth Republic had been leading, was abandoned and radical modernization policy replaced it under the strong president's initiative.Iida shows how the problem "integration of group interests" was solved in West Germany in 1955-65. During this term, old-fashioned ideas of integrating interest groups (=plans of Federal Economic Council or Erhard's concept of "Formierte Gesellschaft") were vanishing. In place of state institutions, which were leading actors in traditional ideas, political parties began to play important roles to integrate group interests.