Coordination problems and their experimental designs for their solution : A new experimental approach on the web

Aruka Yuji提出了一个新的协调问题，称为Avatamsaka情境，并将其公式化为一个倾斜的双人博弈形式：Avatamsaka博弈。《佛经》是著名的大乘佛教经典之一。他是一位在佛教哲学领域工作的日本教授，他巧妙地用梵歌来描绘天堂和地狱的情况。假设有两个人在桌子对面坐下来。他们被绳子捆绑，这样只有一只胳膊是自由的，然后每个人都给了一个很长的勺子。这个勺子太长了，他们吃不饱。桌子上有足够他们两个人吃的食物。如果他们相互合作，互相喂养，他们都会很幸福。这里被定义为天堂。然而，如果第一个人好心为第二个人提供一顿饭，但第二个人不觉得合作，那么只有第二个人受益。这肯定会在一开始引起一种仇恨的感觉。这种情况意味着地狱。收益结构不仅取决于利他主义的合作意愿。在个人层面上，合作和拒绝没有区别，承担风险也是如此。期望效用最大化的情况会给出无限的均衡。我们的兴趣是从其他可能的情况中找到一条通往天堂的道路。我们关心的是，通过Aruka在德国、美国和日本设计的程序在网络上进行的国际实验，一个实际的玩家将如何在这样的实验中到达。美国心理学家斯蒂芬·J·高斯特罗目前也在给我们提供合作，以实现实验。抛开Avatamsaka游戏不谈，另一方面，我们也对一个常见的多均衡协调问题感兴趣，并在所谓的廉价谈话游戏的背景下，通过被试以及计算机对计算机的方式进行了连续的实验，以检验新词证明。

Yuji Aruka suggested a new coordination problem called Avatamsaka situation and formulated into a two person game form tilted : Avatamsaka game. Avatamsaka is a well-known one of the Mahayana Buddhist Sutras. A Japanese professor working in the field of Buddhists philosophy, he skillfully illustrated the situation of Heaven and Hell in terms of Avatamsaka. Suppose that two people sit down at the table, across from each other. They are bound with rope so that one arm only is free, then each given a very long spoon. This spoon is so long that they cannot feed themselves with it. There is enough food for both of them on the table. If they cooperate and feed each other, they will both be happy. This is defined as heaven. However, if the first is kind enough to provide the second eith a meal, but the second does not feel cooperative, then only the second gains. This must give rise to a feeling of hate in the first. This situation denotes hell. The gain structure does not only depend on an altruistic willingness to cooperate. On an individual level, there is no difference between cooperation and refusal, and the same is true for risk taking. A situation of expected maximization of utility gives infinite equilibria. Our interest is to find a way to heaven from the other possible situations. We are concerned with how an actual player would reach in such experiments, through the international experiments on the web by Aruka's designed program, in Germany, USA and Japan. Stephen J.Gaustello, psychologist, in USA even at present is giving us his cooperation to achieve experiments. Leaving aside the Avatamsaka game, on the other hand, we also interested in a usual coordination problem with multiple equilibria and conducted the successive experiments by way of human subjects as well as computer to computer in the setting of the so-called cheap talk game to test the neologism proof.