A Japan-US Comparative Empirical Analysis on Software Embedded Complex Systems 〜The New Economy Thoery

第一年，基于技术管理、技术经济学、复杂系统理论等多学科方法的结合，开发了一种创新的分析方法。主要的数据收集和实证工作在第二年进行。基于开发的方法，我们对软件嵌入式复杂系统的创新管理进行了几个案例研究，例如使用技术经济网络理论框架对机器人创新系统和不断变化的范式进行了比较研究。基于我们的新框架，我们分析了日本在前范例阶段的远程医疗传播，作为一个复杂系统传播的案例研究，该系统是通过不同视角的行动者（如政府、电信运营商、设备制造商和医学界）之间的合作发展起来的。研究发现，参与者的不同观点是复杂性的一个来源，但同时，这是一个促进合作发生的因素。通过实证分析，分析了数字电视企业的技术整合策略。综合了宏观、中观、微观和理论层面的主要分析结果，提出了政策建议。在软件嵌入式复杂系统的开发中，成功或失败似乎不仅取决于技术的质量，而且往往不取决于社会需求的明显重要性，而是取决于高度复杂的社会技术系统的总体一致性。在对日本机器人产业的分析中，在科学、技术和市场三极都观察到创新轨迹的转变。可以根据机器人案例提出管理和政策建议，因为机器人案例一直呈现出分布式的演变模式。

In the first year, an innovative method of analysis was developed, based on a combined multidisplinary approach in technology management, techno-economics, complex system theory. The main data gathering and empirical work was conducted in the second year. Based on the methodology developed, we carried out several case studies on the innovation management of software-embedded complex systems such as a comparative study on the system of innovation in robotics and the changing paradigms using a framework of Techno-Economic Network theory. Based on our novel framework we analyzed the diffusion of telemedicine in Japan in the pre-paradigmatic phase, as a case study of diffusion of a complex system which is developed through collaboration between actors with different perspectives, such as government, telecommunication carriers, equipment makers and the medical community. It was found out that the different perspectives of the actors was a source of complexity, while at the same time, it was a facilitating factor allowing collaboration to take place. An empirical analysis was carried out to analyze the technology integration strategies of the firms developing digital TV sets. The main findings from the various analyses at the macro, meso, micro, and theoretical level were integrated and policy recommendations were made. In the development of software embedded complex systems, success or failure appears to depend not only on the quality of the technology, and often not on the evident importance of social need, but on the overall coherence of a highly complex socio-technical system. In the analysis of the Japanese robotics industry, innovation trajectory shift was observed in all three poles of science, technology and the market. It was possible to draw managerial and policy recommendations based on the robotics case, which has been showing a distributed pattern of evolution.