DEVELOPMENT OF MOLTEN CATALYST FOR CONTINUOUS PROCESSING OF SOLID REACTANT MATERIAL

为了开发用于固体反应物连续处理的熔融催化剂，本文进行了以下三方面的研究：1）熔融催化剂的有效性在973 K下，以碱金属碳酸盐（m.p.891 ~ 164 K）和它们的低共熔混合物（m.p.669 ~ 787）为催化剂，进行了石墨、活性炭和木质素与二氧化碳的反应。当催化剂的熔点低于反应温度时，反应是通过催化剂与石墨的物理混合进行的。用这种物理混合法制备的石墨和活性炭的气化速率与催化剂浸渍法的气化速率几乎相同。此外，研究了熔融催化剂与Ni催化剂的共存效应。在773 K下，活性炭与CO2反应生成CO的可能性在搅拌磨反应器中进行了活性炭与CO2反应生成CO的实验，活性炭的平均粒径由44 μ m变为1.2μm。在反应器中通过研磨活性炭进行反应，反应速率随球搅拌速率的增大而增大。铁粉的加入也提高了反应速率，且铁粉的催化活性与球的种类（铁或氧化锆）和铁粉的粒径有关。3）连续气化研究了熔融催化剂的重复使用，考察了含碳物料连续气化的可能性。在活性炭（或木质素）在间歇式反应器中消耗之后，将相同的amonut添加到含有催化剂的反应器中，并再次开始反应。结果发现，通过重复该操作，低共熔熔融催化剂可以重复使用而没有任何催化活性损失。

To develop molten catalysts for continuous processing of solid reactant materials, the following three researches were done.1 ) Effectiveness of molten catalyst .Reactions of graphite, activated carbon and lignin with carbon dioxide were carried out at 973K by using alkali metal carbonates (m.p.891〜1,164K) and eutectic mixtures of these compouds (m.p.669〜787) as catalyst. The reaction occured by mixing catalyst with graphite physically when the melting points of the catalysts were lower than the reaction temperature. The gasification rates of graphite and activated carbon by this physical mixing method are almost the same as those of the impregnation method of the catalyst. Furthermore, the co-existing effect of molten catalyst with Ni catalyst was investigated. The reaction rate at 773K in the case of co-existing these catalysts was 4.3 times of Ni catalyst.2 ) Possibility of stirred mill reactorThe reaction of activated carbon with carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide was carried out at 773K in a stirred mill reactor.The mean diameter of activated carbon changed from 44 to 1.2μm by the grinding. The reaction occured by grinding activated carbon in the reactor and the reaction rate increased with the increase of stirring rate of ball. The reaction rate also increased by the addition of iron powders as the catalyst and the catalytic activity of iron powder was changed by the kinds of ball (iron or zirconia) and the diameter of iron powders.3 ) Continuous gasificationRepeated use of the molten catalyst was studied to investigate the possibility of continuous gasification of carboneous materials. After activated carbon (or lignin) was consumed in a batch reactor, the same amonut was added in the reactor containing the catalyst and the reaction started again. It was found that the eutectic molten catalyst could be reused without any loss of catalytic activity by repeating this operation.