Development of tree cultivation techniques using ectomycorrhizal fungi

本项目的目的是建立外生菌根真菌接种树苗的新技术。此外，我们还对ECM真菌的共生功能和繁殖进行了研究，为建立ECM真菌奠定了基础。我们从基础调查中获得了许多知识，并指出了ECM苗木和栽培ECM苗木的土壤作为ECM真菌接种的实际可能性。主要研究结果如下：1.基础研究：(1)详细观察了ECM真菌之间的竞争相互作用。(2)示踪实验表明，通过ECM真菌菌丝体连接的植物之间不存在光合作用产物的转移。(3)通过对ECM真菌的DNA多态性分析，确定了菌丝伸长和孢子散布的程度，并通过微卫星多态性分析推测了基因的流动。(4)通过对外生菌根的DNA多态性分析，确定了地下菌种。(5)通过菌根中ECM的多态研究了ECM群落结构。应用研究：(1)研究了ECM苗对非ECM苗的侵染规律，表明ECM苗作为ECM真菌接种剂的有效性。(2)还对ECM苗木的栽培土壤进行了调查，并指出了其作为ECM真菌接种的有效性。(3)土壤与多种材料混合，提高了侵染效率。

The aim of this project was to establish novel techniques of inoculation of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi to tree seedlings. In addition, we also investigated symbiotic functions and reproduction of ECM fungi as the basis for the establishment. We have obtained a lot of knowledge from the basic investigation, and have indicated a practical possibility that both ECM seedlings and soil on which ECM seedlings are cultivated work well as ECM fungal inocula. Main outcomes are as follows :1. Basic investigations : (1) Competitive interaction between ECM fungi was observed in detail. (2) By tracer experiments, it was clearly indicated that photosynthetic products are not transferred between plants that are linked each other by mycelia of ECM fungi. (3)By DNA polymorphism analyses of ECM fungi, extents of mycelial extension and spore dispersal were defined and gene flow was also inferred by microsatellite polymorphic analysis. (4) By DNA polymorphism analysis of ectomycorrhizae, the subterranean genet was defined. (5) ECM community structure was investigated by ITS polymorphism in mycorrhizae.2. Applied investigations : (1) Infection patterns from an ECM seedling to non-ECM seedlings were investigated and effectiveness of the ECM seedling as an ECM fungal inoculum was indicated. (2) Soil on which ECM seedlings were cultivated was also investigated and its effectiveness as an ECM fungal inoculum was also indicated. (3) Mixing the soil with several materials raised the infection efficiency.