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Study of establishment and regeneration of forest by DNA polymorphism analysis and isotopic tracer

DNA多态性分析和同位素示踪研究森林的建立和更新

基本信息

批准号：
13306011
负责人：
HOGETSU Taizo
金额：
$ 25.54万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The present research accumulated knowledge about the reproduction mechanisms of trees and ectomycorrhizal fungi. Such knowledge accumulation would lay the basis for new methods of natural forest regeneration that stand at the viewpoints of genetic diversity preservation and application of symbiotic function of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Outcomes of the present research are summarized as follows :1. Reproduction mechanisms of trees : Microsatellite polymorphism analyses revealed reproduction mechanisms of several pioneer plants, such as Polygonum cuspidatum and Salix reinii, in volcanic desert on Mount Fuji, and a pioneer tree, Robinia Pseudoacacia in a dry riverbed. The balance between sexual and asexual reproductive manners in a tropical pioneer tree Melaleuca cajuputi was also investigated. The results indicated that the balance was influenced by environmental conditions. The genetic differentiation of a mangrove tree Rhizophora stylosa in Okinawa was also investigated.2. Reproduction me … More chanisms of ectomycorrhizal fungi : In a Larlx stand, we investigated the reproduction mechanism of Suillus grevillei, and found that its extraradical mycelia are present patchily under individual sporocarps and degraded within one year. Also, underground mycorrhizal communities were composed of patches of mycorrhizal mycelia, forming a mosaic. In the volcanic desert on Mount Fuji, we found a lot of ectomycorrhizal sporocarps and root tips, and that primary vegetation succession was accompanied with succession of the ectomycorrhizal fungal community. In this site, fungal species composition among ectomycorrhizae is rather consistent with that among sporocarps. Microsatellite analysis of Scleroderm bovista showed that this fungus first establishes its genet s at the periphery of vegetation patches by accidental long-distance spore dispersal and thereafter expands its occupation by extension of extraradical mycelia. Planting experiments of host tree seedlings on various places of the desert demonstrated that established ectomycorrhizal host trees facilitate the growth and survival of new seedlings.3. Tracer experiments in ectomycorrhizal symbiotic system : We traced the photosynthates in an ectomycorrhizal symbiotic system after feeding ^<14>CO_2 by autoradiography with imaging plates, and obtained some interesting findings on photosynthate translocation to extraradical mycelia.4. Improvements of DNA polymorphic analyses : We first introduced successfully Terminal-RFLP into identification of fungal species. Also, a new technique that enabled everyone to develop micorsatellite markers much easily was established. This technique can be applied to a wide range of species. Less

本研究积累了对树木和外生菌根真菌繁殖机制的认识。这些知识的积累将为从保护外生菌根真菌的遗传多样性和利用其共生功能等角度研究天然林更新的新方法奠定基础。本文的研究成果总结如下：1。树木的繁殖机制：微卫星多态性分析揭示了富士山火山沙漠中几种先锋植物虎蓼和柳的繁殖机制，以及干燥河床中的一种先锋树刺槐的繁殖机制。对热带先锋树千层树有性和无性生殖方式的平衡进行了研究。结果表明，这种平衡受环境条件的影响。对冲绳一种红树（Rhizophora stylosa）进行了遗传分化研究。外生菌根真菌的更多繁殖机制：在落叶松林分，研究了灰杉（Suillus grevillei）的繁殖机制，发现其根外菌丝体在单个孢子囊下呈斑片状分布，在1年内降解。地下菌根群落由菌根菌丝体斑块组成，形成马赛克。在富士山火山荒漠中，我们发现了大量的外生菌根孢子和根尖，并且原始植被的演替伴随着外生菌根真菌群落的演替。该地点外生菌根间的真菌种类组成与孢子实间的真菌种类组成相当一致。对牛皮硬皮菌的微卫星分析表明，这种真菌首先通过偶然的远距离孢子扩散在植被斑块的外围建立了它的基因，然后通过根外菌丝的扩展扩大了它的占领。寄主树幼苗在荒漠不同地点的种植试验表明，已建立的外生菌根寄主树有利于新幼苗的生长和存活。3 .外生菌根共生系统的示踪实验：利用显像板放射自显影法对供气<14>CO_2后外生菌根共生系统的光合作用进行了追踪，得到了光合作用向根外菌丝体转运的一些有趣发现。DNA多态性分析的改进：我们首次成功地将Terminal-RFLP引入真菌种类鉴定中。此外，还建立了一种新技术，使每个人都能很容易地开发微卫星标记。这项技术可以应用于很多物种。少