NEURONAL NETWORK OF THE CENTRAL PATTERN GENERATOR FOR LOCOMOTION AND ITS CONTROL MECHANISMS

四足动物肢体运动的节律性运动活动主要由运动中枢模式发生器（CPG）产生。然而，模式产生的神经基质和机制仍然是未知的。CPG由高级大脑中心控制。运动的起始和终止应根据CPG的激活和失活来理解。此外，在真实的运动中，CPG的输出应被很好地调节以使动物不跌倒。在这个项目中，我们进行了五种研究，以了解运动和姿势的神经元控制。(1)在重复刺激运动指令系统以激活CPG的过程中，用前肢运动神经元的细胞内记录来分析运动神经元对每个刺激脉冲的反应，以揭示CPG内连接输入和输出的神经元通路。结果表明，运动指令通过双突触和三突触兴奋传递到屈肌和伸肌运动神经元。 ...更多信息 的路径，分别。这些通路的神经元可能是CPG的重要成员，并提出了CPG的神经元网络。(2)计算机模拟结果表明，神经元网络可以产生运动节律。(3)下丘脑外侧区是控制运动起始和终止的高级脑中枢之一。单位记录显示外侧下丘脑存在运动相关神经元。(4)运动过程中的动态姿势控制可能是由于在不稳定平台上保持直立姿势的共同神经元机制。在人类物质控制直立在摇摆平台上进行了分析与运动学和肌电图。有人建议，预期的调整是必不可少的动态姿势控制。(5)翻正反射可能是动态姿势控制的基本神经机制。对不同脑区损伤大鼠空气翻正反射的分析表明，基底节是调整跌倒姿势的重要中枢。少

Rhythmic locomotor activities of limb movements in quadrupeds are primarily generated by the central pattern generator (CPG) for locomotion. However, the neuronal substrate and mechanisms of pattern generation are still unknown. The CPG is controlled by the higher brain center. Initiation and termination of locomotion should be understood in terms of activation and inactivation of the CPG.Furthermore, in real locomotion the CPG output should be well adjusted for animals not to fall. In this project, we made five kinds of studies to understand neuronal control of locomotion and posture. (1) During repetitive stimulation of the locomotor command system to activate the CPG, motoneuronal responses to each stimulus pulse were analysed with intracellular recordings from forelimb motoneurons to reveal neuronal pathways connecting the input and output within the CPG.It was shown that the locomotor command was transmitted to flexor and extensor motoneurons via disynaptic and trisynaptic excitat … More ory pathways, respectively. The neurons of these pathways may be important members of the CPG.A neuronal network was proposed for the CPG.(2) A computor simulation revealed that the neuronal network could generate the locomotor rhythm. (3) The lateral hypothalamic area is one of the higher brain center to control initiation and termination of locomotion. Unit recording revealed there are locomotor-related neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. (4) Dynamic postural control during locomotion could be due to common neuronal mechanisms that maintain upright posture on the unstable platform. In human substances control of upright standing on rocking platforms was analysed with kinematics and electromyography. It was suggested that anticipatory adjustments were essential for dynamic postural control. (5) Righting reflex may be a basic neuronal machine for dynamic postural control. Analyses of air-righting reflex of rats with lesions of various brain areas suggested that the basal ganglia was a important center to modify postural adjustment during falling. Less