Basic Research on Rural Area Improvement for Environmental Protection

本研究明确了竹炭作为土壤改良物质的基本性质。主要调查结果如下。1)研制了小型电炉，在400-1,000℃下制得了均匀性好的竹炭。2)通过扫描电镜观察，确定了毛竹侧部维管束密度较高。在束附近检测到小细胞。细胞壁仅在内部区域有直径为0.1-0.5 μ m的微孔。细胞壁和维管束边缘未发现微孔。这些结果表明，竹炭为细菌栖息提供了各种尺寸的孔隙。3)炭化温度越高，炭的电导率越高。电导率可以作为细化程度的指标。4)在碳化温度为400-700℃时， ...更多信息 促进石墨化，导致炭的突然收缩和真密度的增加。在此过程中，灰分溶解度增加，促进了pH值的升高和离子的浸出，并与比表面积、离子交换容量和石墨结构的发展有关。在800-1,000℃温度范围内，离子交换量和离子溶出量增大，比表面积减小。在700-800℃时，比表面积、离子交换量和离子溶出量最大。钾离子的淋失量大于其它离子。结果表明，竹炭，尤其是700-800℃竹炭，作为土壤改良物质，具有吸附肥料、中和酸性土壤和增加钾肥的作用。这些影响导致了竹子消费的增加，并提供了竹林，农村环境，农村景观和舒适度，以及区域资源的改善。少

In this research, the basic properties of bamboo charcoal as the soil improvement matter were defined. Main findings were described below. 1) Small electric furnace was developed, and the bamboo charcoals having the fine homogeneity were made under 400-1,000℃. 2) By SEM, it was defined that the density of the vascular bundle was higher in the lateral area of bamboo. Small cells were detected near the bundle. The wall of the cell had the micro pores with 0.1-0.5 μ m diameter only in inner area. The micro pores could not detected in the wall of the cell and on the boundary of the vascular bundles. These results indicate that the bamboo charcoal provides the wide variety size of the pores for bacterial habitation. 3) The higher the carbonization temperature was, the higher the conductivity of the charcoal was achieved. The conductivity can be utilized as the indicator of the refining degree. 4) Under the carbonization temperature as 400-700℃ the carbon crystallization or the connection of … More the graphite was promoted, which led to the sudden contraction and the increase of the true density of charcoal. In this process, the ash solubility increased, and the increase promoted the pH raising and ion leaching, in connection with the development of the specific surface area, ion exchanged capacity, and the graphite structure. Under 800-1,000℃, the ion exchanged capacity and the ion leaching increased, conversely, the specific surface area decreased. Under 700-800℃, the specific surface area, the ion exchanged capacity and the ion leaching were the largest. The potassium leaching was larger than other ions. From these results, we concluded that the bamboo charcoal, especially the charcoal made in 700-800℃, is most available as the soil improvement matter having the effect of the fertilizer adsorption, the neutralization of the acid soil, and the potassium fertilizer. These effects lead to the increase of bamboo consumption and provide the improvement of the bamboo forest, the rural environment, the rural landscape and amenity, and regional resources. Less