POETICS AND ANTHROPOLOGY OF FRAGMENT : MORALIST LITERATURE RECONSIDERED

自从新批评兴起以来，越来越多的法国批评家对零碎的写作方式感兴趣，欣赏各种简短的文本，例如前苏格拉底时代的片段和一些20世纪的作品(巴塔耶，瓦列里)。同样，在70年代末，在17世纪道德家的研究领域出现了新的方法：一个试图扩大语料库，以期澄清这一时期的人的概念，他的激情，他的性格和方式，关于最近的思想史，宗教和精神领袖的著作；另一个检查了碎片形式的模式和感觉，典型的道德家的作品，根据古典修辞学，并与线性话语进行比较。在这场运动之后，我们试图通过历时性的研究，从非西方的角度，对这一主题进行新的阐释。调查人员Nakaji追踪了日本“散文诗”的命运--诗歌不一定是道德主义的，但本质上与零碎的写作有关--它是在法国文学的影响下发展起来的。首席调查员Shiokawa在法国报道了这样一个事实，即日本读者最初是以道德家的身份接受帕斯卡的。2001年11月举行的“诗歌与人类碎片：莫拉里斯特人的反思”国际研讨会是三年调查的成果，我们的三名研究人员与两名外国研究人员交流了他们的想法。(详情请参阅我们在2002年3月出版的小册子。)。我们想补充的是，由于这笔助学金，我们获得了一批很好的法国古典时期道德家的作品。

Since the rise of the "Nouvelle Critique", French critics, more and more interested in fragmentary ways of writing, have appreciated various brief texts, for example, Pre-Socratic fragments and some twentieth century writings (Bataille, Valery). In the same way, new approaches arose in late 70s in the field of studies on seventeenth century moralists : one tried to enlarge the corpus with the view to clarify the concept of man, his passions, his characters and manners in this period, in regard to recent works on history of ideas, of religion and of mentalite ; another examined the patterns and senses of fragment form, typical of moralists' works, in the light of classical rhetoric and in comparison with lineal discourse. Following this movement, we tried to throw a new light on the subject, by means of a diachronic research and from a non-western point of view. Investigator Nakaji traced the destiny of Japanese "poeme en prose" - poetry not necessarily moralist, but essentially related to fragmentary writing - which developed under the influence of French literature. Head investigator Shiokawa reported in France the fact that the Japanese readers had received Pascal in the first place as a moralist. International symposium : 《Poetique et anthropologie du fragment : Moralistes reconsideres》, held in November 2001, was a fruit of three years' investigation, where three of our investigators, with two foreign researchers, exchanged their ideas. (For further details, see the booklet we publish in March 2002.) We'd like to add that, thanks to this grant-in-aid, we acquired a good collection of French moralists' works in the classical period.