Direct Atomic Structure-Analysis and Properties of New Nano- and Solid-Clusters

采用电弧熔炼、电子束辐照、化学反应和自组织等方法合成了BCN纳米笼富勒烯材料。通过HREM、图像模拟、能谱分析、电子能量损失谱（EELS）和理论计算等手段研究了这些材料的原子结构和结构稳定性。提出了含有La和Fe原子的BN金属富勒烯的原子结构模型。利用电子束辐照制备了新型四面体和椭圆形碳洋葱，并建立了碳洋葱的原子和电子结构模型。利用分子动力学计算了储氢的可能性，并将Ar原子存储在BN纳米笼材料中。BN纳米胶囊在室温下的PL和STM测量显示出具有库仑阶梯状行为的I-V特性。BN纳米胶囊的SQUID测量也显示出超顺磁性。提出了一种极限尺度下自组装纳米线和团簇保护量子点的制备技术。本研究表明，采用不同的合成方法可以制备出具有不同原子结构和性能的新型氮化硼和碳纳米笼富勒烯材料，有望成为未来的纳米级器件。先进的新型陶瓷材料有望作为新能源和信息材料，成为解决能源和信息问题的器件的基础。这些新材料的性质将强烈依赖于原子排列，HREM将有助于对其进行直接的原子分析。除了这种直接的原子观测之外，最近随着电子枪的进展，来自纳米电子衍射、EELS能量色散x射线光谱（EDX）和电子全息术等方法的信息已经结合起来。研究这些先进材料中纳米区域的原子排列、组成、电子状态和磁性结构将很快成为可能。少

BCN nanocage fullerene materials were synthesized by arc-melting,electron-beam irradiation, chemical reaction, and self-organization. Atomic structures and structural stability of these materials were investigated by HREM, image simulation, EDS, electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), and theoretical calculations. Atomic structure models of BN metallofullerenes with La and Fe atoms were proposed. New tetrahedral and elliptical carbon onions were produced by electron-beam irradiation, and atomic and electronic structure models were proposed. Possibility of hydrogen gas storage was calculated by molecular dynamics, and Ar atoms were stored in the BN nanocage materials. PL and STM measurements of BN nanocapsules at room temperature showed the I-V characteristics with Coulomb staircase-like behavior. SQUID measurement of BN nanocapsules also showed superparamagnetic property. A fabrication technique for self-assembled nanowires and cluster-protected quantum dots at scales under the limit … More s of current lithography was developed. The present work indicates that the new BN and C nanocage fullerene materials with various atomic structure and properties can be produced by various synthesis methods, which are expected as the future nanoscale devices.Advanced new ceramic materials are expected to be available for use as new energy and information materials, on which devices for solving energy and information problems will be based. The properties of these new materials will be strongly dependent on the atomic arrangements, the direct atomic analysis of which will have been contributed to by HREM.In addition to such direct atomic observation, information from such methods as nano-electron diffraction, EELS energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and electron holography has being combined recently by progress with the electron gun. It will soon be possible to clarify atomic arrangement, composition, electronic state and magnetic structure of the nano-regions in these advanced materials. Less