Effects of weight reduction on physical and psychological response in male and female athletes

这个项目的目的是为男女柔道运动员建立一种理想的减肥方法。为研究减重对人体的影响，对男女柔道运动员减重前后的人体形态、肌肉力量、血液生化指标、心理指标及中性粒细胞功能进行了测定。结果表明，短期减重包括大强度运动和能量限制，可导致肌肉组织减少、肾功能受损，对男女柔道运动员的中性粒细胞功能也有影响。此外，减肥还会延缓肌肉力量和免疫学参数的恢复。这些不良反应的严重程度与能量摄入的限制程度有关。另一方面，男性和女性在心理参数上的差异最为明显。男性柔道运动员在减重过程中心理应激增加，而女性运动员在减重开始时心理应激增加，建议柔道运动员急性减重时不限制能量摄入。为了在减肥期间保持健康，应考虑到男性和女性的生理和心理特征。

The aim of this project was to establish an ideal way of weight reduction for male and female judoists. In order to study the influences of weight reduction on human body, we measurec anthropometric status, muscle strength, blood biochemical parameters, psychological parameters anc neutrophil functions before and after weight reduction.The results suggest that short-term weight reduction consists of intense exercise and energy restriction may cause reduction of muscle tissue, renal dysfunction and may also affect neutrophi functions in both male and female judoists. Furthermore, weight reduction also delays the recovery of muscle strength and immunological parameters. Severity of these adverse effects was associated with the degree of restriction of energy intake. On the other hand, differences between male and females were most apparent in psychological parameters. Psychological stress was increased during weigh' reduction in male judoists, while it appeared at the beginning of weight reduction in females.It is recommended that acute weight reduction by judoists is performed without restriction of energy intake. For the maintenance of health during weight reduction, physical and psychologica characteristics of males and females should be taken into consideration.