Search ofa wild ancestor of garlic, Allium sativum L.

2001年和2002年，在土耳其东部采集到了一种野生物种--大葱。本种是由英国皇家植物园的B.Mathew博士提出的大蒜的野生祖先A.sativum的建议。这是土耳其的地方病。2002年采集的大蒜材料比2001年多。采集的植株是在鹿儿岛种植的鳞茎，并于2003年和2004年与大蒜杂交。大蒜植株也与这一物种杂交。虽然授粉后有一段时间子房发育，但两种植物在杂交后都没有产生后代。另一方面，这个物种通过自交产生了可存活的种子。因此，这一物种与大蒜亲缘关系较近的可能性很小。利用随机扩增多态性DNA分子标记构建了大蒜与大蒜、大蒜等几个种的系统发育树。在树中构建了两个簇。在一个簇中，一种金线藻，与大毛藻非常接近。这两种植物和一种豆科植物同属一个类群。另一群由大蒜和其他物种组成。大蒜与长大蒜非常接近，与大头大蒜非常接近，大头大蒜是蛇葡萄属的一个类群。从系统发育分析来看，大蒜与大蒜的亲缘关系不是很近，大蒜是大蒜属的一个新种，大蒜也采集于土耳其。这两个物种的核型很相似。冬凌草和大蒜都有16条染色体，但它们的随体染色体数目不同。此外，大蒜有两条特征短小的亚中值染色体，其核型与大蒜略有不同，因此，大蒜是大蒜的直接野生种是值得怀疑的。

In 2001 and 2002, a wild species, Allium tuncelianum, was collected in the eastern Turkey. This species was suggested as a wild ancestor of garlic, A.sativum, by Dr.B.Mathew of Royal Botanic Garden of Kew. This is endemic in Turkey. More plant materials of this species were collected in 2002 than in 2001.The collected plants were grown in Kagoshima from bulbs, and they were crossed with garlic in 2003 and 2004. Garlic plants were also crossed with this species. Both species did not produce after crossing, though ovaries developed for a while after pollination. On the other hand, this species produced viable seeds by selfing. Therefore, there is little possibility that this species is closely related with garlic.A phylogenetic tree of A.tuncelianum, garlic, some other Allium species was made by RAPD markers. Two clusters were constructed in the tree. In one cluster, A tuncelianum situated closely to A.macrochaetum. These two and A atroviolaceum belonged to one cluster. Another cluster consisted of garlic and other species. Garlic was very close to A.longicuspis, and it was close to great-headed garlic, a group of A.ampeloprasum. Also from the phylogenetic analysis by RAPD, it was not suggested that garlic is close to A.tuncelianum.Allium tuncelianum is a new_species classified from A.macrochaetum, which was also collected in Turkey. The karyotypes of these two species resembled each other. Both A.tuncelianum and garlic had 16 chromosomes, but these two had different numbers of SAT-chromosomes. Garlic, moreover, had two characteristic short submedian chromosomes, and its karyotype was a little different from that of A.tuncelianum.From these results, it is doubtful that A.tuncelianum is a direct wild species of garlic.