Toward an Integrated Lexical Theory Comprising Morphology, Semantics, and Syntax

为了构建一个基于动词和其他词汇的形态、语义和句法特征的完整的词汇理论，本研究的目标是阐明以下五个问题：(1)词汇信息的划分，(2)词汇意义和语用知识的区分，(3)词汇多义词的生成机制，(4)词汇和句法结构的界面，(5)词汇信息在句法结构中的作用。对于第一个目标，我们提炼了词汇概念结构的结构，并提出了一个具体的建议，即通过融入诸如行动的目的和方式等语用信息，将词汇概念结构和质量结构统一起来。对于第二个目标，有人提出，直接影响句法结构语法性的语用信息应该融入到名词和动词的质量结构中。…对于第三个目标，本文还展示了动词如何通过将宾语名词的质量结构融入到其词汇概念结构表征中而获得多义性，以及词缀和复合成分的特殊性如何影响构词规则的产出性。对于第四个目标，我们发现某些存现句、形容句和主语定语句具有轻动词结构的词汇特征，由此提出了解释所有这些结构的语义整合机制。此外，动词“IRU”和“ARU”在存在和拥有之间的语义差异也决定了动词的句法及物性。关于第五个目标，已经证明了主要动词的词汇信息在品质变化、非宾格和非作格、句法复合动词的形成和句法词缀等句法现象中起着至关重要的作用，各种语言中某些类型的被动、中间和反身结构的静态性质归因于戴维森事件论元的抑制，跨语言中将运动方式动词和目标短语合并的可能性的差异源于目标标记的语义结构，以及在不同的语法模块中发生的表面相似的构词规则导致了不同的语义和句法行为。较少

In attempting to construct an integrated lexical theory based on the morphological, semantic, and syntactic properties of verbs and other vocabulary items, the research goals were laid out to elucidate the following five issues : (1)the demarcation of lexical information, (2)the distinction between lexical meaning and pragmatic knowledge, (3)the generative mechanism of lexical polysemy, (4)the interface of lexical and syntactic structures, and (5)the role of lexical information in syntactic structure. As to the first goal, the configurations of lexical conceptual structure have been refined and a concrete proposal has been made to unify lexical conceptual structure with qualia structure by incorporating such pragmatic information as the purposes and manners of actions. As to the second goal, it has been proposed that the kind of pragmatic information that directly influences the grammaticality of syntactic constructions should be integrated into the qualia structure of nouns and verbs. … More As to the third goal, it has been demonstrated how verbs acquire polysemy by incorporating the qualia structure of object nouns into their lexical conceptual structure representations, and how the idiosyncratic properties of affixes and compounding elements influence the productivity of word formation rules. As to the fourth goal, it has been revealed that certain types of existential, possessional, and subject-attribute sentences have the lexical properties of light verb constructions, whereby the mechanism of semantic incorporation has been proposed that accounts for all these constructions. Additionally, the semantic distinction of the verbs "iru" and "aru" between existence and possession has been shown to determine the verbs' syntactic transitivity. As to the fifth goal, it has been demonstrated that the lexical information of main verbs play a crucial role in such syntactic phenomena as diathesis alternations, unaccusativity and unergativity, the formation of syntactic compound verbs, and syntactic affixation, that the nature of stativity in certain types of passive, middle, and reflexive constructions in various languages is attributed to the suppression of a Davidsonian event argument, that the cross-linguistic difference in the possibility of conflating manner-of-motion verbs and goal phrases derives from the semantic structures of goal markers, and that superficially similar word formation rules that take place in different modules of grammar give rise to distinct semantic and syntactic behavior. Less