Basic studies of cosmic ray shock acceleration processes

激波粒子加速发生在各种环境中，如太阳耀斑、日冕物质抛射(CME)前方形成的行星际冲击、地球前方的弓形冲击、与共转相互作用区有关的冲击、太阳风终止冲击、超新星冲击波中的冲击、脉冲星风终止冲击、活动星系核喷流中的终止冲击、伽马射线爆发的内部和外部冲击、与结构形成有关的宇宙学冲击、以及与磁重连过程有关的慢震。虽然在太阳风等离子体物理和天体物理等离子体物理这两个领域，日本的研究活动在世界上都很有竞争力，但我们正在进行一个合作研究项目，通过这个项目，我们可以预见进一步的研究发展。幸运的是，我们为期三年的项目相当成功。在下文中，我们逐一列举了五个方面的重大成就，即：1.初级休克过程，2.Rel…更多的相对论等离子体/喷流和伽玛暴，3.日冕和耀斑，4.地球弓激波、行星际磁场和日球层，5.磁层。第一类：随机过程数学理论已成功地应用于激波加速过程。进一步发展了冲浪加速的概念。第二类：建立了GRB叶栅模型和Wien火球模型。确定了活动星系核激波的加速效率。从SGR1806-20巨暴中成功地偏离伽马射线光子。第3类：在日冕中成功观测到亚相对论电子传播。确定了非线性波和螺旋度在日冕中的作用。确定了太阳耀斑X射线光谱的低能量截止值。对于有记录以来最快的行星际激波，成功地确定了激波参数。确定了星际He+离子和前震扩散离子的加速过程。第5类：确定了磁尾电流片的结构。(295字

Shock particle accelerations are taking place in various environments, such as solar flares, interplanetary shocks formed in front of coronal mass ejecta (CME), the bow shock in front of the earth, shocks associating with corotating interaction regions, the solar wind terminating shock, shocks in the supernova blast waves, pulsar wind terminating shocks, terminating shocks at the AGN jets, inner and external shocks in gamma ray bursters, cosmological shocks relating to the structual formation, and slow shocks relatng to the magnetic re connection process. While in both fields, solar wind plasma physics and astrophysical plasma physics, the research activities in Japan are competing well in the world, we are conducting a collaborating research project by which we could envisage the further research development. Fortunately our three-year project has been quite successful. In what follows, we itemize the significant accomplishments in five areas, namely, 1.elementary shock process, 2.rel … More ativistic plasmas/jets and GRBs, 3.solar corona and flares, 4.the earth's bow shock, interplanetary field, and heliosphere, and 5.magnetosphere.Category 1 : mathematical theory of stochastic process has been successfully applied to the shock acceleration process. The idea of the surfin acceleration is developed further.Category2 : The GRB cascade model and wien fireball model are formulated. Acceleration efficiency in AGN shocks are identified. Successful defections of gamma ray photons from the giant burst of SGR1806-20.Category 3 : Successful observation of subrelativistic electron propagation in the corona. The role of nonlinear waves and helicities in the corona are identified. The low energy cutoff of the X-ray spectra of solar flares are identified.Category 4 : For the fastest interplanetary shocks ever recorded, shock parameters are deterined successfully. Acceleration processes for interstellar He+ ions and foreshock diffuse ions are identified.Category 5 : The structure of the magnetotail current sheet is identified.(295 words) Less