A Study on Fire Safety for Traditional Wooden Town Houses Area Consistent with Historic Townscape

传统木质住宅区城市街区安全性能的改善不能仅仅依靠城市规划内的措施或建筑法规对个别建筑的控制。当个别建筑的安全性能无法保证时，城市规划措施应弥补不足；当城市规划措施本身不足时，也应考虑针对个别建筑的措施。在这种相辅相成的方式下，可以最大限度地发挥城市街区的地方特色，措施可以更有效地发挥作用。这项研究的目的是评价整个街区的综合安全性能，超越了单个建筑的安全性能。虽然火灾蔓延模拟是评价街区安全的主要系统，但仅靠一次模拟很难对模拟结果进行分析，并制定出应采取的措施。因此，本研究的安全绩效评价是基于潜在风险进行的。火灾风险既可以按街区评估，也可以按建筑物评估，方法相同。由此得到的建筑物安全系数不仅反映了建筑物的性能，而且还反映了建筑物性能的影响，这是通过检查建筑物在建筑物中的位置关系和周围建筑物的状况来获得的，从而能够反映建筑物在建筑物水平上的性能。这种评价方法可以清楚地识别区块的潜在风险，并通过对实际方案的模拟，通过这种评价可以很好地了解改善方案的有效性。

Improvements in the safety performance of city blocks of traditional wooden housed area cannot solely rely on either measures within urban planning or control over individual buildings by the building code. When the safety performance of individual buildings cannot be secured, urban planning measures should cover the insufficiency; when urban planning measures themselves are insufficient, measures for individual buildings should also be considered. In this mutually supplemental fashion, the local characteristics of a city block can be maximized and the measures can work more effectively. This study aims to evaluate the comprehensive safety performance of an entire block, going beyond the safety performance of individual buildings. Though simulation of the spreading of a fire is the primary evaluation system for the safety of a block, it was difficult to analyze the simulated results and work out measures to be taken by running merely a single simulation. Therefore, evaluation of safety performance in this study is based on potential risks. Fire risk can be assessed by block as well as by building in the same method. The safety index by building as obtained here thus reflects not only the performance of the building but also the influence of the block performance, which is obtainable through examination of the positional relationship of buildings in the block and the condition of the surrounding buildings, enabling the building performance at the block level to be indicated. This evaluation method allows the potential risk of the block to be clearly recognized, and the effectiveness of plans for improvement can be well understood through this evaluation with a simulation of the plans in practice.