A Study on Suppression of Urban Fire Spread through Elements of Urban Area

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To find the effect of suppression of fire spread through elements of urban area, urban fire incidents in the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake were analyzed. Graphical data of fires in urban fires in the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake were collected. Shape of flames, heat release rate, velocities of fire spread and duration of fire were summarized and relationship between elements of urban area and weather condition are analyzed. As a result, it is cleared that building structures and condition affects heat release rate and area of simultaneous burning. For example, in case of existence of fire resistant buildings and collapsed buildings, heat release rate and area of simultaneous burning are small, in case of wide streets, area of simultaneous burning extends.As for fire resistant buildings, the factors relating the spread of fires from fire resistant buildings to adjacent buildings during the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake were analyzed from the following perspectives ; (1)Relationship … More between the extent of fire damage and seismic damage to building structure, and between the characteristics, including building use, of the buildings of fire origin and occurrence of fire spread, (2)Relationship between occurrence of fire spread and distances between burnt and adjacent buildings and structure of adjacent buildings, (3)Relationship between the extent of fire damage to buildings and fire fighting of fire brigade.The caused of fire damage to fire resistant buildings and quasi fire resistant buildings in urban fire were also analyzed from the following perspectives ; (1)Relationship between the damage and the type of windows including size, kind of glass, existence of balcony, the distance to burning buildings and those between extent of fire damage of exterior walls of the buildings, (2)Relationship between the extent of fire damage of the building and the characteristics of buildings including building usage, structure and dimensions, (3)Relationship between the extent of fire damage of the building, the number of the face of the wall closes to a fire and the structure of burning building. Less