An International Cooperative Research on the Competitiveness of Livestock Products and the Direction of Structural Adjustment in China's Livestock Industry under the WTO Regime

本项目旨在了解上世纪90年代以来中国畜牧业生产、消费、贸易等方面的变化，考察中国加入世贸组织对畜牧业的影响。通过分解分析，找出影响中国畜牧业竞争力变化的因素。为了了解畜牧业对市场环境变化的反应，研究小组采访了北京、山东省青岛市、辽宁省大连市和重庆市的10家畜牧业企业和市场。最终报告的主要结果由10篇论文组成，概括如下。(1)中国的肉制品产业，在大部分肉制品，特别是加工制品和肉制品中，具有显著的价格或成本比较优势。利用较低的运输成本，可以继续将畜产品出口到邻国或再…更多的巨人。(2)90年代中期以来肉制品净出口减少，主要是中国及周边国家或地区发生高致病性禽流感等突发事件所致。自2001年以来，中国大幅增加了牛肉、羊肉、羊肉和食用内脏的进口，以及猪肉、加工肉制品和肉制品的出口。因此，中国加入世贸组织对畜牧业的影响尚不明朗。(3)受访畜牧业企业在采用多品种生产方式、生产流程垂直一体化、扩大经营规模、扩大畜产品出口等方面表现出较强的意愿。小型家庭农场的肉类产量有所下降。为实现国际质量或生态标签认证所做的努力也得到了肯定。(4)畜牧业的快速扩张导致饲料大豆进口增加。因此，需要进一步研究畜牧业的发展对粮食需求的影响。较少

This project is planned to perceive the changes in production, consumption, and trade of China's livestock industry since the 1990s, and to examine the effect of the accession of China to WTO on the livestock industry. A decomposition analysis is used to identify the factors influencing the changes in the competitiveness of China's livestock industry. To apprehend the response of livestock industry to the changes in market environment, this research team interviewed 10 livestock firms and markets in Peking, Qingdao city of Shandong province, Dalian city of Liaonin province, and Chongqing City.The main results compiled in the final report are comprised of 10 papers, which can be summarized as follows. (1)China' meat industry, has significantly comparative price or cost advantage in most kinds of meat products, especially the processed products and meat preparations. Using the lower transport cost, it is possible to continue to export livestock products to the neighboring countries or re … More gions. (2)Reduction in net export of meat products since the middle of 1990s is mainly caused by the occurrence of unforeseen accidents such as the highly pathogenic avian influenza, in China and its neighboring countries or regions. China has greatly increased its import in bovine meat, mutton and lamb, as well as edible offals, and export in meat of swine, processed meat products and meat preparations since 2001. Therefore, the effect of the accession of China to WTO on livestock trade is still uncertainable. (3)The livestock firms interviewed under the survey areas show vigorous willingness both in improving management by adopting multi-product production system, vertical integration of production processes, and expansion of business scale, and in expanding export of livestock products. Meat production from small family farms has decreased. The efforts in achieving the international quality or eco-label certification are also confirmed. (4) The rapid expansion of the livestock sector has resulted in increase in feed soybean import. Therefore, further research is needed to examine the effect of development in the livestock sector on grain demand. Less