POPULATION ECOLOGY OF ABNORMAL GEMALES PRODUCING ONLY FEMALE PROGENY IN THE GYPSYMOTH

杀雄是指雄性胚胎或幼虫的死亡，在多种生物中是众所周知的，如植物，螨和昆虫。在日本北海道舞毒蛾种群中，我们发现约10%的雌性被雄性杀死，并发现了这一特征的母系遗传对杀雄品系的线粒体DNA（mtDNA）的分析是有趣的，因为该性状和mtDNA都是母系遗传的。我们发现，在北海道，舞毒蛾雄蛾的雌蛾在COI、COII和ND 1基因的17 bp处的mtDNA单倍型与原始正常雌蛾的不同。此外，这些杀死雄性的雌性没有在许多杀死雄性的生物体中发现的细胞质细菌共生体。由于杀雄株的单倍型在亚洲广泛分布，亚洲型雌株与北海道雄株交配可能导致子代雄性死亡。戈德施泰特刚刚提到了这种全是雌性的育雏。尽管他的与不同地理小种交配导致间性的研究结果被否定了，但在日本北海道的舞毒蛾全雌窝中，Goldschlovy仍然存活

Male-killing refers to the death of male embryos or larvae, and is well known in a variety of organisms, such as plants, mites, and insects. We have found male-killing of about 10% females in a Hokkaido, Japan, population of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., and have found maternal inheritance of the trait. The analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of male-killing strains is interesting, because the trait and mtDNA are both maternally inherited. We show here that the females of male-killing gypsy moth have the different haplotype of mtDNA in 17 bp of total 1,075 nucleotides at COI, COII and ND1 genes from those of original normal females in Hokkaido. Moreover these male-killing females have no cytoplasmiclly bacterial symbionts, that have been found in many male-killing organisms. Since the haplotype of male-killing strain is distributed widely in Asia, Asian type females mated with Hokkaido males may produce male death of the progeny. Goldschmidt has just stated such all-female broods. Although his results of intersex caused by mating with different geographic races have been denied, Goldschmidt is still alive in all-female broods of the gypsy moth in Hokkaido, Japan