Molecular mechanism of evolution and morphological diversity in Cladocera.

（1） Hemoglobin （Hb）从水中提取， Daphnia Magna，由两个尺寸凝胶电泳分析。Hb被展示为由6个主要亚单位链类型组成的。The NH-D22-terminal amino acid sequences of the 6 Hb chains showed that at least 4 Hb genes are present in D. magna。“血红蛋白基因在环境氧浓度下受到了不同的监管。”四个血红蛋白基因在D的染色体上固定了一个簇。magna。这些基因及其cdna的完整核苷酸序列展示了这些基因具有七个外显子、六个内含子结构。A cDNA同源性，它对于Arnt来说，一个转录因子HIF 1 α的亚单位在哺乳动物细胞中表现出一个主要的角色来响应hypoxia，它与D分离。Magna，然后它完整的核苷酸序列被确定了。（2）与D. D. D. D. D. Hox基因、Antp、Ubx、Abd-A和Scr以及其他发育基因、dll、wnt-1和hedgehog同源的cDNA，从D中分离。Magna，然后他们完整的不规则序列被确定。这些cDNA在D的发展过程中的表达模式。Magna Embryos是由原位杂交中的整个装载进行分析的。Daphnia Antp cDNA被描述为使用Gal 4/UAS系统的Drosophila embryos。虽然它保留了相同的功能，如那些Drosophila Antp，但它也显示了一些不同的功能，如那些Drosophila Antp的行为。

(1) Hemoglobin (Hb) purified from the water flea, Daphnia magna, was analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The Hb was shown to be composed of 6 major subunit chain species. The NHィイD22ィエD2-terminal amino acid sequences of the 6 Hb chains showed that at least 4 Hb genes are present in D. magna. The Hb genes were differentially regulated by the ambient oxygen concentration. Four Hb genes constituted a cluster on the chromosome of D. magna. The complete nucleotide sequences of these genes and their cDNAs showed that the genes have a seven-exon, six-intron structre. A cDNA homologous to that for Arnt, a subunit of transcriptional factor HIF1α which plays a major role in response to hypoxia in mammalian cells, was isolated from D. magna and then its complete nucleotide sequence was determined.(2) cDNAs homologous to those of Drosophila Hox genes, Antp, Ubx, Abd-A, and Scr, and other developmental genes, dll, wnt-1, and hedgehog, were isolated from D. magna and then their complete uncleotide sequences were determined. Expression patterns of these cDNAs during development of D. magna embryos were analyzed by whole mount in situ hybridization. Daphnia Antp cDNA was expressed in Drosophila embryos using the Gal4/UAS system. While it retained the same functions as those of Drosophila Antp, such as the ectopical induction of teashirt and decapentaplegic genes, it showed some functions different from those of Drosophila Antp.