Development and Evaluation of Adaptive Computer-Based Test for Students with Disabilities in the National Center Test for University Admissions

为了从根本上改变全国大学招生中心考试(NCT)等残疾学生的考试方法，我们开发了一种比常规纸笔考试(PPT)更有效、更及时的适应性计算机考试(CBT)原型。通过对NCT等残疾学生时间延长率的定量和尝试性研究，我们发现，对于日语等大量阅读材料组成的科目，延长时间是必要的。然而，NCT的测试时间已经跨越了两天，很难延长。我们还发现，通过实验可以将线性CBT和有序PPT的结果进行比较。在此基础上，对自适应CBT进行了研究，从根本上改进了测试方法，提出了适合DISA…类型和扩展的用户界面CBT系统的开发更多的职位。对于视力严重残疾的考生，我们会自动打印并设置包含解码数字的盲文格式测试。我们要求考生在盲文显示器上为计算机评分在电子答卷上打分。对于部分视力者，我们研究了在使用笔式计算机的情况下显示大字体的最合适的字体类型和大小。我们发现，数字音频格式测试可以适用于新盲人和学习困难的字符阅读困难的学生。我们利用过去的NCT测试，构建了CBT的题库。我们研究了将日语、数学和英语这三门学科过去的考试转换为XML格式文本文件的方法。我们使用项目反应理论(IRT)分析了过去的结果文件，并估计了每一年问题之间的难度差异。我们收集了大约120名大一新生，用于等同于NCT运营年限之间的差异。由于每个部分都包含了几个NCT问题，所以我们对测试系统进行了IRT研究。我们将在未来几天研究CBT的运行情况。对适应性CBT和PPT结果之间比较的有效性的评估也有待于实验。较少

We developed a prototype of an adaptive computer-based test (CBT), which can be measured more effectively and promptly than ordinal paper-and-pencil test (PPT), in order to make fundamental changes of the methods of exams for students with disabilities such as the National Center Test for University Admissions (NCT).As a result of quantitative and tentative study to analyze the ratio of extension of time of the NCT for students with disabilities, we found the necessity of extension of time for the subjects that consist of a large amount of reading materials such as Japanese. It is, however, difficult to extend testing time of NCT since it has already spanned two days. We also found the fact that we could compare the result of linear CBT and ordinal PPT through our experiments. On the basis of this result we studied adaptive CBT so as to improve the methods of test fundamentally.We advanced the development of the CBT system with the user interface to fit the types and extensions of disa … More bilities. For test-takers with severe visual disabilities, we automatically print and set a braille format test including decoding figures. We request test-takers to mark electrical answer sheets for computer scoring on a braille display. For the partially sighted, we studied the most suitable font type and size to display large print format tests in the use of pen computers. We revealed that digital audio format tests can work on the newly blind and students with learning disabilities who have difficulty with character reading.We pursued the construction of an item pool of the CBT with the use of past tests of NCT. We investigated the way to convert the past tests of three subjects, Japanese, mathematics, and English, to XML format text files. We analyzed the past result files with item response theory (IRT) and estimated the differences of difficulty among questions in each year. We collected about 120 freshmen for equating the difference among the operating years of NCT. As each section includes several questions in NCT, we carried out study of IRT for system of testlet.We will study the operation of the CBT in days ahead. The assessment of the availability of comparison between the result of adaptive CBT and PPT also remains to be experimented. Less