Studies on Source Control Techniques for Indoor Air Pollution by Gaseous Chemical Substances

近年来，住宅中各种有毒有害气体化学物质造成的室内空气污染日益被认为是一个严重的社会问题。这个问题可能源于各种各样的来源，如建筑材料，油漆，家具，无通风燃烧加热器等。我们在这里报告的研究是为了实现以下目标而进行的：1）建立一个环境室评估缓解技术的方法，2）确定建筑材料、天然树脂油漆、家具、和不通风的燃烧加热器，3）确定缓解技术，如家用空气净化器，臭氧消毒器和烘烤对气态化学物质水平的去除效果。采用环境舱法进行测定和评价，研究了环境舱法测定吲哚类化合物的方法 ...更多信息 或化学物质，以建立测定和评价方法与环境室用于缓解装置和灭火器.结果表明，天然树脂-油漆和胶粘剂的释放速率低于油漆和胶粘剂，其中甲醛、甲苯、1，2，4-家具中的三甲苯含量很高。我们的研究结果表明，甲醛和VOC从建筑材料中排放到占用空间，以及未占用的空间，如阁楼，地板下等。不通风燃烧加热器的气态化学物质排放率：煤油辐射加热器的总VOC排放率为146 × 172 ml/kg。对流煤油加热器的排放量为115至466毫升/千克。此外，耐高温涂料的挥发性有机化合物总排放量非常高。4.家用空气净化器对气态化学物质的去除效果研究结果表明，采用活性炭或化学吸附剂过滤的家用空气净化器对甲醛的等效净化空气速率（ECAR）为8.10 <$19.9 m^3/h，对VOCs的ECAR为6.72 <$26.0 m^3/h.臭氧净化器对气态化学物质的去除效果本研究无法确定臭氧催化设备，如臭氧净化器和空气净化器对VOC的去除效果，而且结果表明，甲醛和乙醛是由臭氧催化反应产生的.烘烤效果的实验研究结果表明，经38℃烘烤72 h后，甲醛释放率降低6.5 × 56%，总VOC含量降低7.4 × 40%。建立了烘烤后室内气态化学物质浓度的准确预测方法。该理论模型是用质量平衡模型导出的。少

Indoor air pollution from a variety of toxic and hazardous gaseous chemical substances in dwellings have in recent years become increasingly recognized as a serious social problem. This problem can stem from a wide variety of sources, such as building materials, paints, furniture, unvented combustion heaters etc.The studies we reported here were carried out with there goals : 1) to establish an evaluation method for mitigation techniques with an environmental chamber, 2) to determine the emission rates of gaseous chemical substances from building materials, natural resin-oil paints, furnishings, and unvented combustion heaters, 3) to determine the removal effects of mitigation techniques, such as domestic air cleaners, ozone deodorizers and bake-out on gaseous chemical substances levels.The following results and discussions were drawn from the our studies :1. Determination and evaluation by an environmental chamber method.This study investigated the current of measuring method for indo … More or chemical substances by ISO and EPA, to establish the determination and evaluation method used with an environmental chamber for the mitigation appliances and utensils.2. The emission of gaseous chemical substances from building elements.Results showed that the emission rates of natural resin-oil paints and adhesive were lower than those of oil paints and chemical adhesives.Among gaseous chemical substances, the emission rates of formaldehyde, toluene, 1, 2, 4-trimethylbenzene from furnishings were very high.Our results showed that formaldehyde and VOC from building materials were emitted into occupied spaces as well as unoccupied spaces, such as attics, under floors and so on.3. The emission rates of gaseous chemical substances from unvented combustion heaters.The emission rates of total VOC from radiant kerosene heaters were 146 〜 172 ml/kg. Convective kerosene heaters emitted 115 〜 466 ml/kg. Kerosene fan-heaters emitted 280 〜 852 ml/kg.Also, total VOC emissions from heat-resisting paints were very high.4. The removal effects of domestic air cleaners on gaseous chemical substances.Results showed that the ECAR(Equivalent Clean Air Rates) of formaldehyde was 8.10〜19.9 m^3/h and VOCs one was 6.72〜26.0 m^3/h in the case of domestic air cleaners with activated carbon or chemical sorbent filters.5. The removal effects of ozone deodorizer on gaseous chemical substances.This study could not determine the removal effects of ozone catalyst equipment, such as deodorizers and air cleaners on VOC.Moreover, result showed that formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were generated from ozone catalyst reactions.6. Experimental study on effects of bake-out.Results showed that the emission rate of formaldehyde was decreased by 6.5〜56% and total VOC levels was decreased by 7.4〜40% after bake-out at a temperature of 38℃ for a 72-hour period. We have also established an exact prediction method for gaseous chemical substance concentrations indoors after bake-out. This theoretical model was derived with a mass balance model. Less