Development of Novel Scattering and Reflection Techniques for the Study of Dynamics in Polymer Assemblies at Interfaces

为了检测和阐明聚合物在界面上，特别是在水表面上的聚合物单分子层的特殊动力学，我们研制了一种新型的仪器-表面动态光散射（SDLS）。首先，我们利用X射线反射仪研究了聚合物单分子膜在水中的纳米结构。用于单层膜制备的聚合物是聚（硅环丁烷）-b-聚（甲基丙烯酸），这是在我们的实验室合成的。结果表明，水面下的亲水层不是简单的刷层，而是由高分子密度的地毯状层和高分子刷层两层组成。地毯层被认为是为了避免水和疏水层之间的接触而形成的。其厚度几乎为15 μ m，与聚合物链长和表面压力无关。这是一个相当新颖的发现。在高pH条件下，刷层变厚。此外，还研究了盐对刷层结构的影响， ...更多信息 以外差光学系统原理为标志。通过实验，我们发现光栅分束是SDLS光学系统的最佳方法。其次，我们发现仪器台的小振动对SDLS数据有很大的影响。因此，我们介绍了一种主动隔振平台的仪器，它被证实，这种安排是罚款为我们的目的。在仪器中安装压电绝缘体，在水面系统上产生一个小型人工波。典型振幅为1微米，典型频率在100-300 Hz范围内。这个表面波被我们的SDLS清楚地检测到，我们得到了振荡的时间相关函数。这种振荡是聚合物单分子层对水的响应。当频率增加到100 Hz时，我们观察到在100、200、300 Hz处的响应频率。而当施加200 Hz的压电波时，仅观察到100 Hz的响应。这意味着聚合物单层具有特征粘弹性。因此，它被证实，我们已经开发的SDLS仪器可以用来获得定量信息的单分子膜在水面上。少

To detect and clariy the specific dynamics in polymers at interfaces, especially polymer monolayer on water surface, we have developed a novel instrument, Surface Dynamic Light Scattering (SDLS). First, we investigated the nanostructure of polymer monolayer on water by utilizing X-ray reflectometrer. The polymer used for monolayer preparation was poly (silacyclobutane)- b-poly(methacrylic acid), which was synthesized in our laboratory. As a result, we found that the hydrophilic layer under water surface is not a simple brush layer but it composed of two layers, i.e. carpet-like layer with high polymer density and polymer brush layer. The carpet layer is thought to be formed to avoid contact between hydrophobia layer and water. Its thickness was almost 15Å independent the polymer chain length and surface pressure. This is a quite novel finding. The brush layer became thicker under high pH condition. Also, salt effect for brush layer structure was also investigated.SDLS instrument was de … More signed with the principle of heterodyne optical system. By a try-and-error, we found that a beam splitting by grating is the best method for SDLS optics. Next, we found that the small vibration of the instrument table has a large effect for SDLS data. Hence, we introduced an active vibration-isolation table for instrument, and it was confirmed that this arrangement is fine for our purpose. A piezo-insulator was installed in the instrument to produce a small artificial wave on water surface system. Typical amplitude was 1 micrometer and the typical frequency was in the range of 100-300 Hz. This surface wave was clearly detected by our SDLS and we obtained the time correlation function with oscillation. This oscillation is a response from polymer monolayer on water. When the frequency 100Hz was added, we observed response frequency at 100, 200, 300 Hz. However, when 200Hz wave was added by piezo, only 100Hz response was observed. This means that the polymer monolayer has a characteristic viscoelasticity. Hence it was confirmed that the SDLS instrument we have developed can be used to obtain quantitative information for monolayer on water surface. Less