Historical Movement on Sustainable Utilization of Deer and Wild Boar Resources

有组织的动物狩猎的进步在人性化进程中以及对现代人来说都具有重要的作用。在多种哺乳动物中，鹿和野猪是人类最重要的资源。在我们的研究中，我们可以从史前考古学、动物考古学、民族考古学、民俗学、动物学、文化人类学的角度来解释东亚和东北亚两种资源利用、狩猎和管理的历史过程和可持续发展的背景条件。1)绳纹遗址动物遗骸数据库的理论建模，因为在这些数据中，鹿和野猪占到了70%。2)以现代梅花鹿为研究对象，对现代梅花鹿标本进行了测量分析。3)日本的圈闭猎杀活动从旧石器时代一直持续到现代，但最活跃的阶段是绳纹时代。4)可以展示中国新石器时代农业出现的过程。5)从古代到中世纪，日本有一些狩猎团体，在江户时代晚期形成了以Matagi为代表的几个特殊的狩猎团体。这一进程得到了一些经济和政治条件的支持，如市场经济的发展，幕府或地方部族的保护政策，以及世界毛皮贸易的影响。从明治时代到第二次世界大战结束，日本政府鼓励猎杀动物以获取毛皮作为商品和军事用途。然而，今天，传统狩猎的民间知识已经被扑灭了，我们必须。利用。这一种是为了环境保护和繁衍。

The progress in organizational animal hunting is important function in the process of hominization and to modern humans. Among several mammals, deer and wild boar are most important resources for human. In our research we can explain the historical process of utilization, hunting and management of both resources and the background conditions to be sustainable in east and north-east Asia from the view points of prehistoric archaeology, zooarchaeology, ethnoarchaeology, folklore, zoology, cultural anthropology. Main results of this research are as follows;1)Theoretical modeling of database to animal remains from Jomon sites, because among these data deer and wild boar account up to 70 %. 2)For comparison database with Jomon one, we measured and analyzed modern deer samples. 3)The pitfall trap hunting has carried out from palaeolithic to modern in Japan, but most active stage is Jomon age. 4)We can demonstrate the process of agricultural appearance in Chinese Neolithic. 5)From ancient to medieval in Japan, there were some hunting groups, which became to be organized several special hunting groups as Matagi in late Edo era. That process is supported by some economical and political conditions such as the development of market economy, the protection policy by the shogunate or local clans, in addition to, the impact of worldwide fur trade. From the Meiji era to the end of world war II, Japanese government encourage to the animal hunting for getting furs as merchandise and military use. Today, the folk knowledge of traditional hunting, however, has been to be extinguished, we must. exploit. this one for the environmental preservation and reproduction.