A Comparative Research on the Declaration of Will to the Terminal Care, pre-arranged Funeral and pre-need Burial

本研究以2001 ~ 2002年的调查资料为基础，探讨了老年人临终关怀意愿、代理护理意愿、预葬意愿、预葬意愿的表达方式。老年人临终关怀意愿的表达方式、表达方式的选择这是一项田野调查研究，对日本和外国在这一领域进行比较研究。我们研究了欧洲、美国和亚洲国家的生前遗嘱、丧葬习俗和丧葬习俗。此外，本研究亦针对日本老人临终关怀之意愿进行研究。不仅在美国，在我国，人们也意识到在晚年将自己对医疗和葬礼的意愿或感觉描述为代理人和前置葬礼合同，并在晚年澄清 ...更多信息 美国人的葬礼方式开始在亚洲国家传播，一些殡仪馆和墓地提供了葬礼的先决条件（预先安排的）葬礼。从战后婴儿潮时期的做法，以增加合同，因为有一个老年时期在晚年生活在美国作为一个老龄化社会。此外，它是澄清了承认生命伦理，以促进临终关怀，逐渐成为一个无论在医院还是在住院的老年病人都要求临终关怀的社会。通过本研究认识到，临终关怀不仅要为老年人的独立生活做好准备，而且要为老年人的死亡做好准备，但也存在一些问题。在我国，有很多被理解为在临终关怀机构住院表明了患者对临终关怀的意愿。据澄清，对患者的护理比患者及其家人的晚年生活更有价值。在日本，生与死并不处于同一条线上，因为临终关怀的意思表示是临终医疗，而葬礼的意思表示是预先安排好的葬礼，两者有很大的不同。日本老年人容易想到“从生到死的意思表示”，否则就很难想到预先安排好的葬礼。在独立死亡之前需要自己的葬礼。与亚洲国家和美国相比，日本人生前的丧葬目的、丧葬法和丧葬习俗不同，先要（预约）丧葬契约也不同，可以说，我们指出了“日本式”的先要丧葬。在人的一生中，逐渐在亚洲国家出现的美国式临终关怀的葬礼、遗嘱契约一直在延续，在人的一生中，契约在亚洲国家呈现出与日本不同的向“亚洲式”发展的方向。此外，临终关怀、丧葬习俗甚至丧葬法在欧洲国家和美国都表现出不同的一面。作为先需葬礼的进步，作为美国式和亚洲式在我国已经出现。这是对临终关怀遗嘱宣告和生前预嘱丧葬契约进行国际比较研究的结果。少

We administrated researches to clarify consideration by which the senior citizen declared their wills for terminal care and nursing care as proxy and pre-need funeral and pre-need burial from 2001 to 2002.There are exists as a method of declaring the intention, choices in the declaration of the intention to terminal care, funereal and burial.This is a research on fieldwork to do the comparison research on Japan and various foreign countries on this field. We researched the living will pre-need funereal, funereal tradition and customs in the European countries, the U.S. and Asian countries. Moreover, to compare it pre-need contract during later life of senior citizens in our country.In addition, it executed this research concerning the intention for the terminal care at hospice in Japan. Not only in the U.S. but also in our country, it aware to describe own will or sense toward the medical care and funeral as the proxy and the pre-need funeral contract was during later life clarified an … More d it begin to spread of American pre-arranged funereal way out in Asian countries where are some funeral home and cemetery provide as pre-need (pre-arranged) funereal.From the baby boomer in postwar days approaches to an increase of the contract as having an aged period during later life in the United States as an aged society.Moreover, it was clarified for the acknowledgment of the life ethics to facilitate the hospice care, and to be becoming a society where the hospice was requested by the old patient regardless of the hospital or staying. Need not put not only nursing the preparation for the life of an aged period for independence but also the death in view is recognized became clear by this research.However, there is some problem in regard to the hospice care, too. In our country, there is a lot of being understood that hospitalization at the hospice declared the patients intention to terminal care also in the medical treatment organization. It was clarified that the care of the patient was valued more than the later life of the patient and the family for that. Neither the life nor the death are caught in Japan on the same line because how the declaration of the intention for the terminal care as medical treatment for the end of life and the declaration of the will for funeral as pre-arranged funeral were quite different.The Japanese elderly think about "Consecutive intention from the life to the death" easily otherwise it is more difficult to think about pre-need of own funeral before die independently. The pre-need (pre-arranged) funeral contract was during people's life different which is the intention of funereal, mortuary law and custom compared with Asian countries and the United States.We concluded and can be said, we pointed out "Japanese type" of pre-need funeral. During people's lifetime, the contract of funereal, will for the terminal care at hospice of an American type that came to be shown in Asian countries gradually has been extending.During people's lifetime, the contract shows the directionality of progress different from Japan to "Asian type" in Asian countries. Moreover, terminal care, funereal custom and even mortuary law show a different aspect in European countries and the United States. The progress as pre-need funeral has come into view to our country as an American type and an Asian type. This is a result of the international comparison research on the declaration of the will to the terminal care and pre-need funereal contract before die. Less