The Study for Reform of State-owned Enterprise and Unemployment Problem in China

这项研究分析了中国在北京、上海、沈阳和兰州四个城市的所谓下岗工人的调查结果。在调查中，33个问题被问到了每个城市的大约1200到1500名下岗工人。下岗职工，虽然与失业工人非常相似，但指的是那些下岗但仍与企业签订合同制的工人。这项研究试图找出北京和上海等相对繁荣的城市与沈阳和兰州等经济条件较差的城市之间的区别。在沈阳和兰州，国有企业在经济中仍占据主导地位。这项研究明确了根据下岗时生活费和再就业前景的不同以及四个城市和个人特征的差异，存在什么样的差异，并分析了哪些类型的工人被解雇，如原用人单位企业的管理状况、个人的工作岗位和教育背景。通过对再就业人员的性别、年龄、文化程度和原工作岗位的调查，分析再就业人员的类型，了解政策制定者对下岗问题的看法，鼓励他们再就业的政策，以及如何防止下岗职工的不满。随着1998年国企改革的深入开展，下岗职工大规模涌现，本研究还考虑了国企改革的现状和下岗职工的社会福利问题。

The study analyzed survey results of so-called xiagang workers in four cities of Beijing, Shanghai, Shenyang and Lanzhou in China. In the survey, 33 questions were asked to about 1,200 to 1,500 xiagang workers in each city. Xiagang workers, although very similar to unemployed workers, refer to those workers who were laid off and yet retain contract status with the enterprises. The study attempted to find any differences between relatively prosperous cities like Beijing and Shanghai and economically disadvantaged cities like Shenyang and Lanzhou where state enterprises still occupy the predominant position in the economy. The study made clear as to what kind of differences exist depending upon the difference in living expenses and in prospect for reemployment at the time of their layoff and the difference in four cities and in individual characteristics.Analysis was made to learn what kinds of workers were laid off, for example, management status of former employer enterprises, individual's job position and educational background. Attempts are also made to analyze the kinds of people who are reemployed by examining their sex, age, education level and their former job position.Study was made to learn the government policy aspects as to how the policy makers think about the problems of xiagang, about the policy to encourage their reemployment and about how they try to prevent dissatisfaction of xiagang workers. As a large scale appearance of xiagang workers took place since 1998 when reforms in state enterprises were implemented in earnest, the study also considered curre status of state enterprises reform and social welfare problems of unemployed workers.