"Exhibition of Sound" and "Production of Environment by Sound" in Museums

本研究旨在从声景设计的角度出发，为博物馆的“声音陈列”和“以声营造宜人环境”的陈列提供规范。作者根据博物馆对声音的利用程度，在博物馆的“声音展示”和“声音创造良好的环境”两个领域设立了6个等级。作为对博物馆良好实用化的调查，笔者共走访了258家博物馆，对其整体特征有了一定的把握。将258家博物馆分为故乡、自然史、水族史、综合史、动物园、美术史、理工史、历史学8个领域，考察了各个领域的“声之展”和“声造环境”的特点，并与其他领域进行了比较分析，旨在从声景设计的角度，为博物馆的“声之展”和“声出宜人环境”的陈列提供规范。除了已参观的11家一级博物馆外，还对9家实际使用良好的一级博物馆进行了参观调查。从而，对这20家博物馆的实际情况进行了全面的把握，共得到了实用化良好的一级。本文介绍了采用1级“声音主题展”的博物馆的特点。在1级“声音主题展”中，进行了从2级到5.2级等不同层次的声音实际运用。声音的展示方式大致分为以下四种方式：(1)分房间传声；(2)确定时间，定期传声；(3)耳机传声；(4)声景设计部署

This research aims at drawing the norm of "exhibition of sound" in museums and of "the production of desirable environment by sound" for exhibition based on the view of the soundscape design. The author set up the 6 levels according to a degree of the use for sound at both fields of "exhibition of sound" and "the production of desirable environment by sound" in museums. As investigation of sound practical use of the museums, the author visited the 258 museums a total and the whole feature has been grasped. The 258 museums were classified into eight fields of the hometown, the history of nature, aquarium, comprehensive, zoo, fine arts, science and engineering, and history, "exhibition of sound" in each field and the feature of "the production of environment by sound" were examined, and the comparative analysis with other fields was made.This research aims at drawing the norm of "exhibition of sound" in museums and of "the production of desirable environment by sound" for exhibition based on the view of the soundscape design. In addition to the 11 museums of the level 1 which already visited, visit investigation of the nine museums which have sound practical use of the level 1 was conducted. Thereby, the actual condition of the 20 museums a total of having sound practical use of the level 1 has been grasped. This paper reports the feature of the museums which adopt "exhibition on the theme of sound" of the level 1.In "exhibition on the theme of sound" of the level 1, sound practical use on various levels (from the level 2 to the level 5.2 and others) is performed. The exhibition method of sound is roughly divided and can be classified into the following four methods.(1) Classify into some rooms and pass sound(2) Time is decided and sound is passed periodically(3) Sound is passed using headphones(4) Deployment of the soundscape design