Development of a nasality abnormality test with Nasometer in Japanese utterance

2003年，我们对这些术语的适当性进行了研究，并应用Nasometer进行了日语话语的鼻性异常测试。因此，人们认为采用Tsutsumi（1999）的15个句子和20个音节，包括5个元音，爆破音（p, t, k），摩擦音（s,∫），非重读音（ts, t∫）和鼻音（m, n），适合进行这种鼻音测量评估。2004年，我们对《杰克与豆茎》和《北风与太阳》两篇文章的Nasalance平均值分别为33.6±6.8%和28.3±6.0%，比英文《彩虹航道》的Nasalance平均值略低。综上所述，我们决定使用《北风与太阳》的第一部分作为我们的嗅觉测试段落，该段落由194个字符或224个mora组成。2005年，我们利用这些测试术语和文章，在17名年轻男性（平均年龄20.3岁）和18名年轻女性（平均年龄20.7岁）的合作下，测量了他们的平均Nasalance值和标准差。结果表明，平均Nasalance值略高于以往的一些同类研究，且女性的平均Nasalance值比男性有更高的趋势。尤其是那些元音/a/后面的音节，女性在爆破声和摩擦音中的平均纳萨朗斯值明显高于男性，鼻音除外。此外，我们测量了平均纳斯朗斯值，并检验了两个短句的方言差异，即“Kitsutsuki-ga ki-o tsutsuku”和“Kotsukotsu tsutsuku”仅由元音和元音组成，“we -o you”和“you -wa ooi”，Hirata（2002）仅由元音和半元音组成。因此，说中国方言的人比说近地方言的人有更高的纳萨朗斯平均值。然后我们做了一个日语版的鼻性异常测试样本，男性和女性分别遵循MacKay-Kummer SNAP测试，应用从我们的研究中获得的平均纳萨朗值及其标准差值。根据年龄、性别和方言差异，需要进一步的研究来积累标准的纳萨朗斯平均分。少

In 2003, we examined the propriety of those terms to apply for the nasality abnormality test of the Japanese utterance with Nasometer. As a result, it was thought that adoption of fifteen sentences that made by Tsutsumi (1999), and twenty syllables, including five vowels, explosives (p, t, k), fricatives (s,∫ ), affricates(ts, t∫ ), and nasals (m, n), are suitable for this Nasometric assessment.In 2004, we investigated their propriety continually, and studied Nasometeric inspection about the two passages, such as "Jack and the Beanstalk" and "North Wind and the Sun", and got slightly low mean Nasalance values as 33.6 each±6.8%, 28.3±6.0% respectively than English "Rainbow Passage". In conclusion, we decided to use first part of "North Wind and the Sun" for our nasality test passage which is consisted of 194 characters or 224 mora.In 2005, utilizing these test terms and the passage, with their kind cooperation from seventeen young males (an average age of 20.3 y.o.) and eighteen young f … More emales (an average age of 20.7 y.o.) of Chugoku dialect speaker, we measured their mean Nasalance values and standard deviations. As a result, mean Nasalance values revealed a little higher than some past same studies, and, as for mean Nasalance values of females, a high tendency was watched than that of males. Particularly those syllables followed by vowel /a/ had significantly higher mean Nasalance values in females than in males both in explosives and fricatives, excluding nasals.In addition, we measured mean Nasalance values and examined a dialect difference about two short sentences as "Kitsutsuki-ga ki-o tsutsuku" and " Kotsukotsu tsutsuku" consisting only obstruents and vowels, and "Ue-o oou" and "Youi-wa ooi" which Hirata (2002) constituted only vowels and semivowels. Conclusively Chugoku dialect speakers were higher in mean Nasalance values than Kinki dialect speakers.Then we made a sample Japanese edition of a Nasality Abnormality Test, man and woman each following The MacKay-Kummer SNAP Test applying mean Nasalance values and their standard deviation values obtained from our study. Further studies are needed to accumulate the standard mean Nasalance scores according to age, sex and dialect difference. Less