The Globalization of Culture and the Creolization of Literature : The cases of Lafcadio Hearn, Zuo Zhoren, and Marie Stopes

2004年是赫恩逝世100周年，为了纪念赫恩逝世100周年，在赫恩曾经居住过或暂时停留过的几个城市举行了一系列的座谈会。该项目的所有成员都参加了专题讨论会，并为期刊的特刊撰稿。该项目的目的是追踪积极传授和介绍日本文化的作者的痕迹。近年来，随着文化交流的不断推进，以何韵文为代表的作家被重新评价为跨文化研究领域的先驱。中国作家周作人试图重新定义赫恩的角色，英国学者玛丽·c·斯托普斯也对赫恩对日本文化的贡献给予了很好的评价。当他们回到自己的国家后，尽管斯托普斯的关注只持续了很短的时间，但他们都扮演了解释日本文化的重要角色。随着交通和信息技术的发展，世界变得越来越小，文学也不例外。可以说，在地方和民族文学中观察到的所谓“克里奥尔化”（两种以上文学的混合）是全球化的必然结果。

The year of 2004 was the 100 years' anniversary of Lafcadio Hearn's death, and in order to commemorate this, a series of symposiums were held in several cities in which Hearn had ever lived or stayed temporarily. All the members of this project participated in the symposiums and contributed to the special issues of the journals. The object of this project is to follow the traces of the authors who were active in imparting and introducing the Japanese culture. Recently those authors represented by Hearn have been revalued as the forerunners in the field of cross-cultural studies with the promotion of cultural exchanges. Zhou Zouren, a Chinese author, tried to redefine Hearn's role and Marie C.Stopes, a British scholar, also gave a good appraisal to Hearn's contribution to the Japanese culture. When they went back to their own countries, both of them played an important role of interpreter of the Japanese culture even though Stopes' concern lasted only a short period. In the situation in which the world is getting smaller and smaller with the development of transportation and information technology, literature is not an exception. It is possible to say that so-called "creolization" (mixture of more than two literatures) observed in local and national literature is inevitable as the result of globalization.