A Morphological Study of the Adult Jar Coffins of the Yayoi Period

这项研究旨在调查一类考古文物的性质和特征。材料选用了日本九州北部弥生时期的罐装棺材。人们普遍认为，弥生时期经历了社会分层，系统地采用稻田农业引发了社会复杂性的迅速增加。这一时期的材料生产也被推断为半专业化或完全专业化，因为看起来非常复杂的结果通常出现在陶器产品中，包括罐子棺材。作为陶器，它们的尺寸特别大，所使用的盆栽技术似乎是标准化和复杂的，以至于一些学者得出结论，它们是由专门的陶工/工匠制造的。然而，除了一些值得注意的例外情况外，必须指出的是，所采用的盆栽技术到底有多复杂和标准化还没有得到Subje…更倾向于系统性的审查。为了填补这一空白，本研究通过考察九州北部弥合中期陶器棺材的形态性质和变异性特征，得出以下显著结果：1)表面处理技术、时间形状和身上所用的粘土条带的形状等属性可以最显著地观察到遗址内变异性。这表明许多陶工参与了陶器棺材的生产。2地点间的变异性表明，存在一些地理倾斜物，这些地理倾斜物可以被把握为罐式棺材形态亚类的相互重叠的分布区。3这些倾斜物在空间格局上随着时间的推移而发生变化。4上述1和2表明，罐式棺材的生产系统与现代日常使用的陶器相同。5上述3表明，关于罐式棺材的生产和相关事项的信息交换系统，如殡葬程序仪式随着时间的推移而变化。6通过借鉴这些结果，研究初步得出结论，罐装棺材的生产系统还没有完全达到可以被描述为“完全工艺专业化”的复杂和标准化的程度。较少

This research aimed at investigating the nature and character of a category of archaeological artifacts. The jar coffins of the Yayoi period Northern Kyushu region of Japan were chosen as the material. The Yayoi period is widely accepted to have witnessed social stratification and a rapid increase of social complexity ignited by the systematic adoption of rice paddy field agriculture. The production of material items in the period is also inferred to have been semi- or fully-specialized from seemingly highly sophisticated outcomes typically seen in pottery products including the jar coffins. They are exceptionally large in size as earthen wares, and the potting techniques employed are seemingly standardized and sophisticated to the extent that some scholars conclude that they were manufactured by specialized potters/artisans. However, with some notable exceptions, it has to be noted that exactly how sophisticated and standardized the potting techniques employed were have not been subje … More cted to systematic scrutiny. The objective of this research was to fill this vacuum by investigating the morphological nature and character of the intra- and inter-site variability of the jar coffins of the Middle Yayoi period Northern Kyushu.The notable outcomes arc as follows :1 The intra-site variability can most significantly be observed in such attributes as 1)surface finishing technique, 2)the shape of the time, and 3)the shape of the clay band applied on the body. This suggests that a number of potters were involved in the production of the coffins which were morphologically broadly identical.2 The inter-site variability shows that there existed a number of geographical clines which can be grasped as mutually-overlapping distribution areas of morphological sub-categories of the jar coffins.3 These clines were changed through time in their spatial patternings.4 1 and 2 above suggest that the production system of the jar coffins are identical to that of the contemporary pots for daily use.5 3 above suggests that the system of information exchange concerning the production of the jar coffins and related matters such as the procedure of mortuary rituals changed through time.6 By drawing upon these outcomes the research tentatively concluded that the production system of the jar coffins did not quite reach the degree of sophistication and standardization which can be characterized as "full craft specialization". Less