RESEARCH ON PRIVATIZATION OF CRIME CONTROL AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE

这项研究是关于联合王国监狱私营化、缓刑工作和私人保安以及私人惩罚的最新发展。事实上，笔者曾多次访问英格兰、苏格兰和北方爱尔兰，对私有化的现状进行调查，采访了专家和实践者。研究内容包括四个方面：（1）监狱和缓刑工作的私有化，（2）私人证券，（3）公共场所闭路电视的安装，（4）私人惩罚，特别是在北方爱尔兰。研究结果表明，在英国，英国政府非常愿意引入私有化的监狱和缓刑（特别是电子标签），并在许多城镇安装闭路电视。此外，私人保安公司在公众和公民的私人生活中都得到了蓬勃发展。进一步，在北方爱尔兰，即使在好日子协议之后，私人惩罚，如枪击，殴打和放逐仍然存在，得到社区人民的支持，总之，基于这些任何方面的私有化现象，我们必须寻找共同的公共机构与私人或组织之间的关系，因为私有化高度发展的主要原因是对公共机构的不信任。公共部门受民众和政府的需求为外力。

This research had been done on recent development of privatized prison, probation work and private security as well as private punishment in the United Kingdom. In fact, the author has visited England, Scotland and Northern Ireland at several times in order to investigate the current situation of privatization, interviewing the specialists and the practitioners. This research includes four spheres: (1) privatisatising prisons and probation works, (2) private securities, (3) installation of CCTV in the public, and, (4) private punishment especially in Northern Ireland.According to the results, in the UK, it was found that the British government is very willing to introduce privatized prisons and probation (especially with electronic tagging), and CCTVs in many towns. And also, private security companies have been getting very flourish both in the public and the private life of citizens. Further, in Northern Ireland, even after the Good Day Agreement, private punishments such as shooting, beating and banishment still exist, supported by the community people.In conclusion, based on these phenomena of privatization in any aspects, we have to seek for the co-operate relationship between the public agencies and the private people or organizations because main reasons why privatization has been highly developed are distrust of the public sectors by the people and the government needs for the outside forces.