Self-determination right on the medical treatment in France

知情同意的基本价值是什么？-它是知情同意与自决之间的关系问题。在法国医疗法中，身体完整性原则(L的人的完整原则)作为公共政策(公共秩序)而出现，并主导着自决。知情同意是必不可少的，但还不够：医疗利润高于知情同意(与美国和英国法律不同)。公共秩序与想要改变身体的个人的愿望发生冲突。这是医学法上的一个根本性问题。当一种心理因素(如整容手术、变性主义)进入疾病概念时，疾病的概念就有可能变得多变，超过“治疗的必要性”。与个人意图相对应，与科学和医学的发展相对应，“医疗必然性”的标准更加灵活。在法国，传统上将实验一分为二，分为有医疗目的的实验和没有医疗目的的实验。从患者权利的角度来看，这有重要的意义。然而，1988年的《胡里耶特法案》以知情同意原则为后一种类型的实验辩护。这是一场法律革命。病人或实验对象同意不属于他们的利益的东西，即堕落的受害者：--《赫里埃特法案》赋予了这种新的含义的“同意原则”，已经取代了保护自己的“医疗利益”的传统规则。此外，在Milhaud博士在脑死亡患者身上进行实验后，身体完整性原则除了延伸到活人的身体之外，还延伸到死人的身体。

What is the fundamental value of Informed Consent? ---It is the problem of the relation between Informed Consent and Self-determination. In the French medical law, the Principle of integrity of the body (Principes de l'integrite du corps humaine) comes to the front as the public policy (ordre public) and dominate the Self-determination. Informed Consent is indispensable and essential, but not enough : Medical Treatment profits is superior to the Informed Consent (differently from the American and English Law).The public order (ordre public) collides with desire of the individual who wants to change his body. This is a fundamental problem on the medical law. The concept of illness has a risk of becoming variable and exceeding "Necessity for medical treatment (necessite therapeutique)", when a psychological element which may lead to "desire sufficiency medical treatment"(e.g. cosmetic surgery, transsexualism) enters there. Corresponding to an individual intention, corresponding to development of science and medicine, the standard of "Necessity for medical treatment" becomes still more fluid.In France, the experiment has been traditionally bisected to the experiment with the medical treatment purpose, and the experiment without the medical treatment purpose. There was an important meaning in this from the viewpoint of a patient's rights. However, the Huriet Act of 1988 justified the latter type of experiment by the Informed consent principle. This is a legal revolution. A patient or a subject of experiment consents to what does not become their profits, that is, to falling victim: -- This "consent principle" to which the Huriet Act has given such a new meaning has superseded the traditional rule of "the profits of medical treatment" for protecting oneself.Besides, The Principle of integrity physical extends to the body of a dead person in addition to the body of living person, after Dr. Milhaud case in which he experimented on the brain death patient.