A study on formation of commercialization mind & career transition of R & D professionals

对研发专业人员职业定位的研究通常采用管理导向和技术导向两类，这是借鉴了在美国进行的调查。然而，在日本，技术导向分为研究和工程两类，研究是指对可能会或可能不会带来经济利润的问题的本质的根本追求，而工程是指为开发实用技术或产品商业化而进行的研究。此外，由于职业生涯中期的专业人员经常承担与项目维护和技术研发相关的管理职责，因此很难找到具有纯粹管理倾向的专业人员。因此产生了一个新的概念来取代管理导向，本研究将其称为组织导向。

Research carried out on the career orientations of R & D professionals has conventionally utilized two categories, managerial orientation and technical orientation, which draw on surveys carried out in the United States. However, in Japan, technical orientation is divided into the research and engineering categories, with research referring to a fundamental quest for the true nature of issues that may or may not lead to financial profit, while engineering denotes research carried out to develop practical technologies or product commercialization. Moreover, because mid-career professionals often take on both the managerial duties associated with project maintenance and technical R & D, it is rare to find professionals who have a purely managerial orientation. A new concept has therefore been derived to replace managerial orientation, which this study refers to as organizational orientation.