Exchange fluxes of climate-relevant trace gases off the Western AntaRctic Peninsula (EWARP)

西南极半岛（WAP）包括一个高生产力的生态系统，可以说是全球变暖影响下变化最快的地区之一。海冰季节性、温暖的绕极沃茨的跨大陆架输送和次中尺度涡旋等形式的自然时空变化，对太平洋暖流的化学和生物背景有显著影响。因此，环境变化，如加速冰川融化，减少海冰覆盖和增加紫外线的可用性可能会在该地区的地球化学循环的巨大影响。然而，具体的变化方向仍不清楚，主要是由于难以获得数据而导致数据不足。与气候有关的痕量气体属于极区，特别是WAP中高度相关但研究不足的化合物。不仅缺乏数据覆盖面，而且对气体从混合层向大气转移的控制机制缺乏详细的了解，因此难以估计其向大气的总排放量。混合层和大气是由自然形成的控制交换过程的表面膜隔开的。因此，到目前为止，还不清楚WAP是痕量气体的源还是汇。我们建议进行一项雄心勃勃的多学科研究，其目的是量化的生产和交换通量的痕量气体在沿海和公海沃茨的WAP。具体而言，我们的目标是：一）评估的主要生产途径的CH 4，N2 O，DMS和CO在布兰斯菲尔德海峡次区域，二）阐明其跨ML-SML-A接口和他们的变化在春夏过渡的控制机制，和iii）破译在何种程度上亚中尺度过程影响微量气体循环和SML属性。为此，我们建议使用系泊观测，在固定点站进行季节性采样，并进行过程研究，包括使用自主平台（例如遥控双体船和漂流艇）进行高分辨率的物理、化学和生物测量。拟议的项目将提供对WAP中痕量气体向大气排放的主要控制的见解，并将有助于未来的模型研究，以改善海洋-大气模型中加速冰川融化影响的表现。

The Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) comprises a highly productive ecosystem and is arguably one of the most rapidly changing regions under the effects of global warming. Natural temporal-spatial variability in the form of sea ice seasonality, cross-shelf transport of warm circumpolar waters and submesoscale eddies have a pronounced effect in the chemical and biological setting of the WAP. Hence, environmental changes such as accelerated glacial melting, reduced sea ice coverage and increased UVlight availability might have vast effects in the biogeochemical cycles of the region. However, the specific direction of change is still unclear, mostly due to paucity of data resulting from the difficulty of access. Climate-relevant trace gases belong to highly relevant, yet under-studied compounds in Polar Regions, and in particular, in the WAP. Not only lack of data coverage, but also of a detailed under-standing of the controlling mechanisms for the transfer of gases from the mixed layer to the atmosphere makes it challenging to estimate their overall emissions to the atmosphere. The mixed layer and atmosphere are separated by naturally occuring surface films controlling exchange processes. Hence, to this date it is not clear whether the WAP is a source or sink of trace gases. We propose to conduct an ambitious multidisciplinary study, which aims to quantify the production and exchange fluxes of trace gases in coastal and open ocean waters of the WAP. In particular, we aim to: i) assess the major production pathways of CH4, N2O, DMS, and CO in the Bransfield Strait sub-region, ii) elucidate the controlling mechanisms for their transfer across the ML-SML-A interfaces and their variability during the spring-summer transition, and iii) decipher at what extent sub-mesoscale processes affect trace gas cycling and SML properties. To this end, we propose to use moored observations, seasonal samplings at a fixed-point station, and a process study including highlyresolution physical, chemical and biological measurements with autonomous platforms (e.g. remotely operated catamaran and drifters). The proposed project will provide insights on the main controls of the emissions of trace gases to the atmosphere in the WAP, and will help future model studies to improve the representation of the effects of accelerated glacial melt in ocean-atmosphere models.