Social psychophysiology on control of emotion and modality of sensation in communication.

站立姿势的维持是通过视觉、前庭和体感等不同感觉功能的整合来实现的。我们之前已经发现，当大学生凝视前方的视觉线索时，当他们直立站立时，焦虑会影响身体前后轴摆动（BS）的频率成分（Wada et al., 2001）。焦虑对BS的影响在睁着眼睛站立的参与者中观察到，但在闭着眼睛时减弱。因此，我们假设焦虑程度会影响视觉信息的处理和/或视觉输入与其他两种感觉输入之间的相互作用。此外，高焦虑人群对空间距离的感知，包括对人际距离的认知，可能与低焦虑人群有所不同。我们采用受试者内设计的实验表明，焦虑程度与同一个人的前后BS的最大长度呈正相关，从而与BS的总面积呈正相关（Ohno et al., 2004,2005）。当闭上眼睛时，焦虑对BS表现的影响也会减弱。在2004年，我们研究了从外部地标到内部地标的视觉线索交换的效果。心算是通过查看内部表来进行的。因此，我们观察了睁眼心算时焦虑对BS的影响。没有观察到焦虑对BS心算的影响。这一结果表明，焦虑对体位平衡的影响主要来自外部环境的视觉输入的加工。我们在2005年的实验表明，焦虑不影响前庭器官电刺激引起的前后BS。

The standing posture is maintained by the integration of sensory functions with different modalities, i.e. visual, vestibular, and somatosensory functions. We have previously found that anxiety influences the frequency component of body sway (BS) of the antero-posterior axis in college students during orthostatic standing while gazing at a visual cue in front of them (Wada et al., 2001). The influence of anxiety on BS is observed in participants standing with their eyes open, but diminished with eyes closed. Therefore, we have hypothesized that the degree of anxiety affects the processing of visual information and/or the interaction between visual input and other two sensory inputs in standing humans. Furthermore, the possibility has been raised that humans with higher anxiety perceive the spacial distance, including the cognition of interpersonal distance, in a different manner from that of humans with lower anxiety. Our experiment employing the within-subject design has shown that the degree of anxiety positively correlates with the maximum length of the antero-posterior BS and thus the total area of BS in the same persons (Ohno et al., 2004, 2005). These influences of anxiety on the performance of BS are also diminished when eyes are closed. In 2004, we have examined the effect of exchanging the visual cue from external landmark to internal one. Mental arithmetic is carried out by viewing the internal tables. Therefore, we have observed the effects of anxiety on BS during mental arithmetic with eyes open. No influence of anxiety has been observed in BS with mental arithmetic. This result shows that the processing of visual input from the external milieu is essential for anxiety to influence the postural balance. Our experiment in 2005 has shown that anxiety does not influence the antero-posterior BS induced by an electrical stimulation of the vestibular organs.