Mexican Educational Policy Changes and Demands

这项研究报告了20世纪墨西哥的学校教育.研究中使用的大部分材料来自墨西哥公共教育部长历史档案馆和该国国家总档案馆等图书馆的原始资料。已经找到了公民请愿书和协议等主要材料以及教师和检查员的报告。市民提交的许多文件都涉及学校的设置、设施和教师需求等问题。为了提高教育质量，墨西哥家长采取了积极步骤，向当局发出各种呼吁，要求有好的教师和高质量的教育环境。就公共教育局而言，尽管有各种困难，如缺乏财政资源，但仍试图对他们的呼吁作出回应。然而，当地公民和国家并不总是相互合作。当地居民采取主动，提供资金和劳动力，配合教育活动和教师的生活。另一方面，国家经常试图通过学校和教师控制人民。换句话说，学校是不同价值观和文化相互竞争的群体之间谈判的场所，教师通常扮演调停者的角色。在墨西哥这个在政府推动下在全国范围内推广学校教育的时代，当地民众积极参与谈判的舞台，即学校，对学校教育的发展产生了巨大的影响。

This research reports on school education in the 20^<th> century in Mexico. Most of the materials utilized in the research come from original sources located in libraries such as Mexico's Historical Archive of the Secretary of Public Education, and the country's General Archive of the Nation. Primary materials such as citizens' petitions and agreements, as well as the reports of teachers and inspectors have been located. Many documents presented by the citizens concern matters such as the establishment of schools, facilities, and the requests for teachers. In order to improve the quality of education, Mexican parents have taken positive steps by making various appeals to the authorities for good teachers and high-quality educational environments. The Secretary of Public Education, for its part, has tried to respond to their appeals despite various difficulties such as a lack of financial resources. However, local citizens and the State have not always cooperated with each other. The local citizens have atempted to take the initiative by providing funds and labor to cooperate in the educational activities and the teachers' lives. The State, on the other hand, has often attempted to control the people through the schools and teachers. In other words, the school is an "arena of negotiation" between various groups which have competing values and cultures, and teachers generally play the part of mediator. In this epoch of the spread of school education on a nationwide scale in Mexico, promoted by the government, the active involvemet of local people in the "arena of negotiation", that is, the school, has had a great influence on the development of school education.