Pollination biology in four species of the ANITA group

1.五味子雌花和雄花的花期都在一周左右，柱头在此期间表现出接受能力。这些花由双翅目和鞘翅目的各种昆虫以及蓟马授粉。这些特征表明，该授粉系统是一种通用型。人工授粉试验表明，花朵具有自交亲和性。五味子开花后，雄花存活一天，雌花的花被片在第二晚开花时脱落。主要的传粉者是在花中产卵的绦虫科的一种。苍蝇在雄蕊和雄花的花被片上产卵，或在雌花的花被片上产卵。这种植物和苍蝇似乎是一种共生关系。花期短(约两周)，在此期间苍蝇似乎没有世代交替。Kadsura Japan本种具有许多类似于五味子的特征，并且似乎与Cecidomyi科的一种有共生关系。然而，苍蝇物种与访问前工厂的物种不同。花期长(约两个月)，在此期间，苍蝇似乎在几次世代之间交替。八角花：雌雄同体的花，寿命约为10-20天，雌花期持续2-6天，取决于气温。不同种类的双翅目、鞘翅目昆虫和部分膜翅目昆虫访花授粉，表明该传粉系统为通用型。

1. Schisandra chinensisBoth of the female and the male flowers are fresh for about one week, and the stigmas appeared to be receptive during that period. The flowers are pollinated by various insects of Diptera and Coleoptera as well as thrips. These features indicate that the pollination system is a generalist type. Artificial pollination experiments indicated that the flowers were self-compatible.2. Schisandra repandaThe male flowers live for one day, and the tepals of the female ones abscise by the next evening of flower opening. The principal pollinator is a species of Cecidomyiidae which oviposits in the flowers. The flies lay eggs on the androecia and the tepals of the male flowers or the tepals of the female ones. The plant and the fly appear to be a symbiotic relationship. The flowering period is short (about two weeks), and the flies did not seem to alternate the generation during that period.3. Kadsura japonicaThis species has many features similar to those of Schisandra repanda, and appears to have a symbiotic relationship with a species of Cecidomyiidae. However, the fly species is distinct from the species visiting the former plant. The flowering period is long (about two months), and the flies seemed to alternate the generation in several times during that period.4. Illicium anisatumThe flowers, which are bisexual and protogynous, live for some 10 to 20 days, and the female phase is sustained for 2-6 days depending on the air temperatures. Various species of Diptera and Coleoptera and some species of Hymenoptera visited and appeared to pollinate the flowers, indicating that the pollination system is a generalist type.