Imaging analysis of influenza virus behavior

流感病毒应该被内吞以感染宿主细胞。由于内吞过程发生在细胞表面的特定区域，如包被的小凹，附着在细胞表面的流感病毒需要移动到内吞区域。然而，病毒没有任何特定的运动机制。病毒如何进入内吞区？我们假设病毒颗粒通过交换病毒血凝素（HA）与其受体唾液酸聚糖之间的结合在细胞表面上逐步移动。为了证明病毒的运动性，我们使用全内反射荧光显微镜在包被胎球蛋白的盖玻片上监测荧光标记的流感病毒MAC 11抑制剂（H3 N2）以模拟细胞表面。病毒以0.2-1.5μm的步长在表面上不连续地移动。此外，神经氨酸酶抑制剂（扎那米韦）阻止病毒移动。从这些结果中，我们得出结论，流感病毒具有潜在的运动表面上含有病毒受体和NA是必不可少的病毒移动。

Influenza viruses should be endocytosed to infect host cells. Since endocytic processes occur in specialized regions of a cell surface such as the coated pits, influenza viruses that attach to cell surfaces need to move to the endocytic regions. However, the virus dose not have any specific machinery to move. How does the virus access to the endocytic regions? We hypothesized that the virus particle moves step by step on a cell surface by exchanging bindings between viral hemagglutinin (HA) and its receptor, sialoglycan. To demonstrate the viral motility, we monitored a fluorescence-labeled influenza virus MAC11 reassortant (H3N2) on a glass coverslip coated with fetuin to mimic a cell surface, using a total internal reflection fluorescence microscope. The viruses moved discontinuously on the surface with various steps of 0.2-1.5μm. Moreover, neuraminidase inhibitor (zanamivir) prevented the virus moving. From these results, we conclude that an influenza virus has a potential motility on a surface containing the virus receptors and that NA is essential for the virus to move.