The constitution of media, intermediality and media criticism in Italian, French and English meditational literature from the 16th and 17th century

这个子项目将调查什么构成了媒介性，媒介性和媒介批评，以及这些是如何在意大利，法国和英国的冥想文学中发展和区分的-欧洲三个地区具有不同的文化和宗教派别，通过共同的禁欲主义基础，即突出的中世纪晚期和现代早期冥想教义。在第一个资助期内，重点将放在将冥想方法转化为书籍的媒介，以及关于冥想媒介集合的形式，功能和神学理由（或限制）的不同理论立场，无论是明确的还是隐含的。研究工作还将着眼于这是如何在实践中实现的，通过中介性的冥想书籍使用的各种教派。该项目将基督教冥想理解为上帝与信徒之间结构化，可学习，个人沟通的调节矩阵，以实现精神上的自我完善;它不限于特定的媒介。通过交织的垂直轴的原型媒介的基督，这表明自己和呼吁冥想模仿耶稣，和横轴的人类使用的感官（applicatio sensuum）在现代早期的冥想书籍中，它产生了特殊形式的中介装置，其特征是概念图像和文本的模式，图像关系可以根据宗教派别和媒体批评进行定量和定性区分，媒体批评潜在地质疑这种横向中介性，认为它是对超越的不充分代表。虽然意大利冥想散文和诗歌充分利用概念和图像的形象性，但反映在媒体批评的方式，法国双民族冥想文学揭示了不同的策略，通过使用寓言和去想象。在英国圣公会的冥想文学中，有一个明确的焦点，通过减少使用图像和强调对“自然之书”的观察，将冥想从“热情”中解放出来。该项目的成员将与SP 1、2和6密切合作，并举办一个关于实践文本图像组合中介性的联合研讨会。他们的研究结果将导致一篇关于英语冥想书籍的论文，以及一本关于意大利、英国和法国早期现代冥想的中介性和媒体批评的联合专著。

This sub-project will investigate what constitutes mediality, intermediality and media criticism and how these were developed and differentiated in the meditational literature of Italy, France and England – three regions of Europe with different cultures and religious denominations that are connected by having a common ascetic basis, viz. prominent late medieval and Early Modern teachings on meditation. In the first funding period, the focus will be on the transformation of meditative methods into the medium of the book and on the different theoretical positions, both explicit and implicit, on the form, function and theological justification (or restriction) of ensembles of meditative media. The research work will also look at how this was achieved in practical terms through intermediality in meditational books used by the various denominations. The project understands Christian meditation as a regulating matrix of structured, learnable, personal communication between God and the believer for achieving spiritual self-perfection; it is not limited to a particular medium. By interweaving the vertical axis of the proto-medium of Christ, which reveals itself and calls for the meditative imitation of Jesus, and the horizontal axis of human use of the senses (applicatio sensuum) in Early Modern meditational books, it produces special forms of intermedial installations which are characterised by modes of conceptual imagery and text-image relations which can be differentiated quantitatively and qualitatively according to religious denomination and by media criticism, which latently questions this horizontal intermediality, regarding it as an inadequate representation of the transcendent. While Italian meditational prose and poetry fully employs conceptual and iconic pictoriality, which is nevertheless reflected in a media-critical manner, French bi-denominational meditational literature reveals different strategies of de-imaging through the use of allegory and de-rhetorisation. In Anglican meditational literature, there is a denomination-specific focus on liberating meditation from ‘enthusiasm’ by reducing the use of images and emphasising the observation of the ‘Book of Nature’. The members of the project will work closely with SP 1, 2 and 6 and stage a joint workshop on intermediality in text-image combinations of praxis pietatis. Their findings will result in a dissertation on English meditational books and a jointly written monograph on intermediality and media criticism of Early Modern meditation in Italy, England and France.