Short- and long-term bonding effectiveness of simplified-step adhesives bonded to tooth substrate with clinical smear-layer

（1）短期粘结效果1）待粘结表面差异的影响在使用自酸蚀或一步法粘结剂时，选择用于制备牙齿表面的钻以实现更好的牙齿/粘结剂粘结是重要的2）一步法粘结剂产生的树脂/牙本质界面的分类一步法自酸蚀粘结剂可分为三类，蚀刻-冲洗型，轻度自酸蚀型，和纳米相互作用区类型，通过它们的界面形态外观。提出“纳米相互作用区”是对部分脱矿树脂-牙本质相互扩散区的一种新的补充分类。（2）长期粘结效果1）两步温和自酸蚀粘合剂本研究的结果支持了粘合剂-牙本质粘结的长期耐久性取决于功能单体的化学键合潜力的概念。2）一步粘合剂100，000次循环热应力实验表明，树脂在一定程度上降解，牙本质界面的形成与所用粘接剂有关。（3）功能性单体粘接性能的比较研究除自酸蚀牙本质外，特定功能性单体还具有与牙本质的化学键合作用，有望提高其对牙体组织的粘接能力，但影响分步粘接系统粘接效果的玷污层有待进一步研究。

(1)Short-term bonding effectiveness1)Effect of surface difference to be bondedIt is important to select a bur for preparation of the tooth surface in order to achieve a better tooth/adhesive bond, when using self-etching or one-step type adhesives2)Classification of resin/dentin interface produced by simplified-step adhesivesOne-step self-etching adhesives could be classified into three categories, etch-and-rinse type, mild self-etching type, and nano-interaction zone type, by their morphological appearance of the interface. It was proposed that "Nano-interaction zone" is a new complementary classification for partially demineralized resin-dentin inter-diffusion zones.(2)Long-term bonding effectiveness1)Two-step mild self-etching adhesiveThe results of this research supported the concept that long-term durability of adhesive-dentin bonds depended on the chemical bonding potential of the functional monomer.2)One-step adhesiveThe results of a 100,000-cycle thermo-stress experiment suggested that a certain degree of degradation in the resin-dentin interface occurred and it depended on the adhesives used.(3)Comparative study on adhesive performance of functional monomersBesides self-etching dentin, specific functional monomers had additional chemical bonding efficacy that was expected to contribute to their adhesive potential to tooth tissue.Further research should be performed on the smear layer that might affect the bonding effectiveness of the simplified-step adhesive systems.