The geographical distribution of medical care facilities of several specialties in under populated areas and how elderly people's use of these facilities

1.提供眼科或耳鼻喉科护理的医疗设施的地理分布利用地理信息系统显示提供眼科或耳鼻喉科护理的医疗设施的地理分布。这些设施分布不均，一般集中在城市地区。在所研究的医疗设施中提供的医疗服务农村地区的医院提供的医疗服务受到一些限制，例如，门诊不是每天开放，不提供手术。这些限制似乎加剧了所提供护理服务的地区差异。老年人到农村医疗机构就诊和就诊困难他们感到开车就医的人在农村地区的比例高于城市地区。那些不能自己开车的人别无选择，只能请人开车送他们去医疗机构，或者使用公共交通系统，这在r…不一定方便更多的乌拉尔地区。数据表明，交通困难增加了对医疗机构频繁就诊的限制。眼科医生或耳鼻喉科医生指出的问题许多眼科医生或耳鼻喉科医生认为，患者必须长途跋涉才能到达他们的医疗设施，这可能会限制患者的就诊。其中一些医生指出，这种情况可能会导致延误诊断或延长治疗时间。我们已经证实，农村地区的医疗设施维护在经济上是困难的。再加上农村地区雇用的医生越来越少，眼科或耳鼻喉科的护理已经暂停。结论本研究揭示了人口稀少地区的社会医学问题在眼科和耳鼻咽喉科明显存在。考虑到问题的根本原因，我们认为类似的现象在其他专科医疗中也普遍存在。较少

1. The geographical distribution of medical facilities that provide ophthalmologic or otolaryngologic careThe geographical distribution of medical facilities that provide ophthalmologic or otolaryngologic care was visualized using GIS. These facilities were unevenly distributed generally dense in urban areas.2. Medical care provided in the medical facilities under researchThe care provided in the hospitals in rural areas was somewhat restricted, e.g. outpatient clinic not open daily, no surgical operation provided. The restrictions seemed to deteriorate the regional difference in the care provided.3. Visits of elderly to the medical facilities in rural areas and difficulties they feelPercentage of people who visited the facilities by car was larger in rural areas than urban areas. Those who were not able to drive by themselves had no choice but to ask somebody to take them to the medical facilities by car, or to use public transportation system, which is not necessarily convenient in r … More ural areas. The data suggested that the difficulties in transportation added restriction to frequent visit to the medical facilities.4. The problems pointed out by ophthalmologists or otolaryngologistsMany ophthalmologists or otolaryngologists felt that patients must travel a long distance before they could get to their medical facilities, which might restrict the patients' visit to them. Some of these physicians had pointed out that the situation might lead to delayed diagnosis or prolonged therapy.We have verified that maintenance of medical facilities in rural areas was difficult in terms of economy. Together with less availability of employed doctors in rural areas, ophthalmologic or otolaryngologic care has been suspended.5. ConclusionThe present study revealed that sociomedical issues specific to under populated area were apparent in the specialties of ophthalmology and otolaryngology. Considering the underlying cause of the problem, we supposed that similar phenomena prevailed in other specialized medical care. Less