Survey of Trends in End-of-Life Care for the Elderly in Japan in the Areas of Healthcare, Medical Care, and Welfare

在这份报告中，我重点介绍了老年人临终关怀的三个领域：医疗保健、医疗保健和社会福利。从我上面的研究中可以清楚地看到，在日本，这些领域中的每一个领域的研究都是单独进行的，没有合作。关于医疗保健的研究通常与死亡的统计分析一起报道。它们涉及死亡情况与季节变化之间的关系；死因与年龄之间的关系；以及所提供护理的类型。许多关于医疗保健的研究都涉及如何治疗终末期患者。特别重要的是两个方面：护理和治疗。大多数社会福利研究都集中在使用评价表分析护理情况。它们包括在家中照料临终病床的情况、在老年机构为临终病人提供的护理条件，以及对临终关怀的照顾者的压力。我的研究表明，在…的高级学习更多的医疗保健领域是深入的，例如如何治疗临终病人。然而，另外两个领域--保健和福利--仍然停留在临终关怀和相关事项的基础研究的基础上。我的研究进一步表明，在护理临终病人时，治愈病人的医疗专业人员发挥了核心作用，而护理这些病人的辅助医务人员只起到了次要的作用。该报告证实，在日本进行的关于临终关怀的研究呈金字塔状：从医学角度对临终病人的护理位于顶部，对其他支持患者心理健康的照顾者的研究位于次要地位。在当今社会，医疗保健、医疗保健和福利之间的联系是非常需要的。这种纽带在癌症患者的临终关怀中发挥了很好的作用，但针对老年人的纽带仍然处于不令人满意的状态。关于如何治疗垂死的人的研究还不够发达，仍然停留在基础研究的水平。较少

In this report, I focused on three areas of end-of-life care for the elderly : health care, medical care, and social welfare. It became clear from my research, titled above, that studies in Japan on each of these segment areas are conducted separately with no collaborative work. Research on health care is usually reported with statistical analyses on deaths. They deal with the relationships between situations of death and seasonal changes ; connections between causes of death and age ; and the type of care given. Many of the studies on medical care deal with how to treat end-stage patients. Particular significance is placed on two aspects : care and cure. Most of the social welfare research is centered on analyses of the situation of care using rating scales. They include situations of attending the deathbed at home, conditions of care for the dying given at institutions for the elderly, and stress on caregovers concerning end-of-life care. My research revealed that advanced studies in … More the area of medical care are made in depth, such as on how to treat dying patients. However the other two areas, healthcare and welfare, still remain on the fundamental level of basic research on end-of-life care and related matters. My research further revealed that in the care of the dying, medical-professionals, who cure patients, take the central role, and paramedical staff, who care for such patients, merely take a secondary role. The report confirmed that studies on end-of-life care performed in Japan are structured in a pyramid shape : care of the dying from medical perspectives comes at the top, and studies on other caregivers, who support patients' mental health, are situated beneath as a subordinate body. Linkage between healthcare, medical care, and welfare is demanded greatly in our society today. Such ties function well in terminal care for cancer patients, but those for the elderly are still in an unsatisfactory state. Studies on how to treat dying people are not developed enough and remain at the level of fundamental research. Less