Comparison of in vitro surface properties, in vivo physiological properties and ultrastructues of artificial pulmonary surfactants.

各种肺表面活性物质制剂已被用于预防和治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征。目前至少有五种不同的天然表面活性剂制剂在日本、美国和欧洲等地进行商业生产。然而，这些制剂的直接比较尚未公布。本研究的目的是比较这些制剂的体外表面性质，在体内的生理特性和超微结构。使用的表面活性剂制剂为：Surfacten（日本）、Survanta（美国）、Infasurf（美国）、Alveofact（德国）和Curosurf（意大利）。使用改良的Wilhelmy表面天平评估体外生物物理性质，参考吸附、铺展、最小表面张力、最大表面张力、10 mN/m处的面积和可压缩性。 ...更多信息 e和肺形态学。电镜观察表明，Surfacten具有肺表面活性剂的体外表面活性特性（快速吸附、快速铺展、最小表面张力< 10 mN/m、表面压缩率仅为25%、压缩性低）。在每个经表面活性剂处理的胎仔中，在滴注50 mg/kg或100 mg/kg后，肺体积改善至成熟水平。然而，肺形态学显示，与其他表面活性剂处理的胎仔相比，表面活性剂处理的胎仔的肺泡扩张显著更大且更均匀。所有标本的结构均呈髓鞘样结构，由电子致密、半透明的多片层组成，周期约为50 μ m。然而，观察到两种一般的结构类型：层状膜状结构（Surfacten，Survanta）和泡状或洋葱球状结构（Infasurf，Alveofact，Curosurf）。所观察到的表面活性和结构的异质性可以归因于纯化方法、脂质成分、药物供应方法（粉末或液体）和/或高压灭菌的使用的差异。少

Various pulmonary surfactant preparations have been used for the prevention and treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. At least five different natural surfactant preparations are currently produced commercially for use in places such as Japan, the United States and Europe. However, no direct comparison of these preparations has yet been published.The purpose of this study was to compare the in vitro surface properties, in vivo physiological properties and ultrastructures of these preparations. The surfactant preparations used were: Surfacten (Japan), Survanta (USA), Infasurf (USA), Alveofact (Germany), and Curosurf (Italy). The in vitro biophysical properties were assessed using a modified Wilhelmy surface balance, with reference to adsorption, spreading, minimum surface tension, maximum surface tension, area at 10 mN/m and compressibility The in vivo physiological properties were examined in rabbit fetuses delivered on the 27th day of gestation, with regard to lung volum … More e and morphology of the lung after instillation with 50 or 100 mg/kg of one of 5 different preparations. The structure of each preparation was observed by electron microscopy.Surfacten possessed the appropriate in vitro surface-active properties for a pulmonary surfactant (rapid adsorption, rapid spreading, minimum surface tension < 10 mN/m with only 25% surface compression, and low compressibility). The lung volume improved to mature levels after instillation of 50 mg/kg or100 mg/kg in each surfactant-treated fetuses. However, lung morphology showed that the alveolar expansion was significantly larger and more uniform in Surfacten-treated fetuses than in other surfactant-treated fetuses. Infrastructure of all preparations exhibited myelin-like structures, consisting of electron-dense and-lucent multi-lamella with about 50Å periodicity. However, two general structure types were observed: lamellar membranous structure (Surfacten, Survanta), and vesicular or onion bulb-like structure (Infasurf, Alveofact, Curosurf).The results of this study suggest that Surfacten is the optimal surfactant preparation. The observed heterogeneity of surface activity and structure could be ascribed to differences in purification methods, the constituents of lipids, method of drug supply (powder or liquid), and/or the use of autoclaving. Less